PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1 - The Characteristics, Processes, and Ethics of Research

Teacher Rose Lyn

3 Mar 202121:51

EducationalLearning

32 Likes 10 Comments

TLDRThis instructional video script offers seniors a comprehensive guide to the essentials of research, including its characteristics, processes, and ethics. It outlines the seven key traits of quality research, such as being empirical, logical, and methodical, and highlights the intrinsic qualities a researcher must possess, like intellectual curiosity and honesty. The script also details the seven-step research process, from defining a topic to formulating insights and recommendations. Moreover, it emphasizes the importance of research ethics, covering principles like informed consent, objectivity, and respect for intellectual property, aiming to ensure responsible and trustworthy research practices.

Takeaways

🔬 Research should be empirical, logical, cyclical, analytical, critical, methodical, and replicable according to Maureen (2012).
🧐 Researchers should possess qualities such as intellectual curiosity, prudence, healthy criticism, intellectual honesty, and creativity.
📚 The seven steps of the research process include defining the topic, finding background information, planning the research design, gathering data, processing and analyzing data, formulating insights and conclusions, and defining new problems.
🔍 When selecting a research problem, consider the researcher's interest, availability of funds, and the investigator's ability and training.
📈 Research design is crucial as it determines how research materials will be collected and which methods will be used, such as experiments, surveys, interviews, etc.
📝 Data collection should be conducted using effective techniques to gather necessary and relevant information.
📊 Data analysis involves thematic analysis for qualitative research and statistical tools for quantitative research to interpret the findings.
📑 Research ethics guide the responsible conduct of research, emphasizing objectivity, integrity, respect for privacy, and protection from harm.
🤝 Ethical principles in research include informed consent, honesty, objectivity, integrity, carefulness, openness, respect for intellectual property, and confidentiality.
📘 Research misconduct encompasses fabrication, falsification, and plagiarism, which can erode trust and affect the credibility of research institutions.

Q & A

What are the seven characteristics of good research according to Maureen Callaghan in 2012?
-The seven characteristics of good research are that it is empirical, logical, cyclical, analytical, critical, methodical, and possesses replicability.
How is research defined in terms of its basis on experience and observation?
-Research is defined as empirical because it is based on direct experience or observation by the researcher, focusing on practical experience without disregard for scientific knowledge or theory.
What does it mean for research to be logical?
-Research is logical when it is based on valid procedures and principles, conducted in an orderly and systematic manner to draw valid conclusions.
Can you explain the cyclical nature of research?
-Research is cyclical because it starts and ends with a problem. A researcher completes a study, states findings, draws conclusions and recommendations, which may lead to several studies, hence the cyclical nature.
What role do analytical procedures play in research?
-Analytical procedures are utilized in research to gather data through proven methods, focusing on historical, descriptive, experimental features, and case study aspects of the data.
How is critical judgment exhibited in research?
-Critical judgment in research is shown through careful and precise interpretation based on the results, requiring the researcher to exhibit thoroughness and accuracy.
What does methodical research entail?
-Methodical research is conducted without bias, using systematic methods and procedures, ensuring that the approach is consistent and reliable.
Why is replicability important in research?
-Replicability is important because it allows the research design procedures to be replicated or repeated, enabling researchers to arrive at valid and conclusive results. More replications typically mean more valid results.
What are some of the intrinsic qualities a researcher should possess?
-A good researcher should possess qualities such as intellectual curiosity, prudence, healthy criticism, intellectual honesty, and intellectual creativity.
Can you describe the first step in the research process as outlined in the script?
-The first step in the research process is to define and develop your topic or research problem. This involves identifying a problem or an area of interest that needs investigation.
What are some factors to consider when selecting a research problem?
-Factors to consider when selecting a research problem include the researcher's area of interest, availability of funds, and the researcher's ability and training.
What is the significance of reviewing literature in the research process?
-Reviewing literature is significant as it helps clarify what has been studied, available research resources related to the problem, and how useful previous research is, which enriches the research.
How does a researcher decide on a research design?
-A researcher decides on a research design based on how the research materials will be collected, choosing one or more research methods such as experiments, surveys, interviews, etc., depending on the research objectives.
What are some challenges that may arise during data collection?
-Challenges during data collection may include the research method not suiting the needs properly, interviewees being unwilling to participate, or potential bias that could affect the study results.
How is data processed and analyzed in research?
-Data is processed and analyzed using thematic analysis for qualitative research and statistical tools for quantitative research. This involves interpreting the implications of the data gathered.
What does it mean to formulate new insights and conclusions in research?
-Formulating new insights and conclusions involves reporting the research findings, describing the significance of the study, and how they relate to previous research findings.
Why is defining a new problem based on recommendations important?
-Defining a new problem based on recommendations is important as it signifies the progression of research, identifying questions that remain unanswered and suggesting areas for further research.
What are the core principles of research ethics?
-Research ethics are based on principles such as objectivity and integrity, respect for the research subject's rights to privacy and dignity, presentation of findings, avoidance of misuse of research role, and acknowledgment of research collaboration.
Can you explain the concept of informed consent in research?
-Informed consent is required to protect the rights of participants. It involves informing participants about the study's criteria, schedule, and ensuring that participation is voluntary.
What does it mean to maintain objectivity in research?
-Maintaining objectivity in research means avoiding bias in experimental design, data analysis, interpretation, and other aspects to ensure the research is fair and unbiased.
Why is integrity important in research?
-Integrity is important to keep promises and agreements, act with sincerity, strive for consistency of thought and action, ensuring the trustworthiness and reliability of the research.
What are some ethical considerations for the protection of human subjects in research?
-Ethical considerations for human subjects protection include minimizing harm and risk, maximizing benefits, respecting human dignity, privacy, and anonymity.
What is considered research misconduct and why is it a concern?
-Research misconduct includes fabrication, falsification, or plagiarism. It is a concern because it erodes trust between researchers and funding agencies, making it difficult for colleagues to receive grants and damaging the credibility of research.
What are the different acts considered plagiarism in research?
-Plagiarism in research includes failure to cite quotations and borrowed ideas, failure to enclose borrowed language in quotation marks, and failure to put summaries and borrowed content in your own words.

Outlines

00:00

📚 Introduction to Research Characteristics and Ethics

This paragraph introduces the instructional video aimed at senior students interested in learning about research. It outlines the lesson's objectives, which include understanding the characteristics, processes, and ethics of research. The video is structured to cover the characteristics of research, the qualities of a researcher, the seven steps of the research process, and the ethics involved in research, including the rights of participants and ethical standards. It emphasizes that good research should be empirical, logical, cyclical, analytical, critical, methodical, and replicable. Additionally, it highlights the intrinsic and acquired qualities a researcher should possess, such as intellectual curiosity, prudence, healthy criticism, intellectual honesty, and creativity.

05:02

🔍 The Seven Steps of the Research Process

The second paragraph delves into the seven steps of conducting research. It begins with defining and developing a research topic, considering factors like the researcher's interest, availability of funds, and their ability and training. The next step involves finding background information through a literature review to clarify and understand the existing research on the topic. Planning the research design, including the methodology and sample, is crucial. Data collection follows, using either qualitative or quantitative methods. Processing and analyzing the data is a challenging step that requires careful interpretation. Formulating insights, conclusions, and recommendations based on the findings is the penultimate step. Finally, defining new problems based on the research recommendations concludes the process.

10:02

📊 Data Analysis and Research Reporting

This paragraph focuses on the complexities of data analysis and the importance of reporting research findings. It discusses the challenges of interpreting gathered materials and the necessity of clarity when reporting results. The paragraph emphasizes the importance of writing down ideas as they come and converting them into a coherent written text. It also touches on the ethical considerations in research, such as objectivity, integrity, respect for privacy, and the accurate presentation of findings. The paragraph concludes with the steps involved in reporting research, including publishing in journals, articles, or books, and suggesting areas for future research.

15:05

👥 Ethical Principles in Research

The fourth paragraph discusses the ethical principles that guide scientific research. It outlines various ethical considerations such as informed consent, honesty, objectivity, integrity, carefulness, openness, respect for intellectual property, confidentiality, responsible mentoring, responsible publication, respect for colleagues, social responsibility, non-discrimination, competence, legality, animal care, and human subjects protection. These principles are essential for maintaining the integrity of research and ensuring the rights and dignity of research participants are respected.

20:06

🛡️ Rights of Research Participants and Ethical Standards

The final paragraph emphasizes the rights of research participants, including human rights, intellectual property rights, and the importance of voluntary participation, anonymity, and privacy. It also addresses the issue of research misconduct, which includes fabrication, falsification, and plagiarism, and explains the different acts considered as plagiarism. The paragraph concludes by stressing the importance of adhering to ethical standards in research writing to maintain trust within the research community and ensure the integrity of scientific work.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Empirical

Empirical refers to knowledge or information that is based on observation and experience rather than on theory or pure logic. In the context of the video, it emphasizes that good research is grounded in direct experience or observation by the researcher, which is critical for gathering data that is practical and relevant to the research problem. The script mentions that 'research is based on direct experience, or observation by the researcher,' highlighting the importance of empirical evidence in the research process.

💡Logical

Logical pertains to being reasonable and consistent, following a clear and sound structure in thought or argument. The video script discusses that good research is logical, meaning it is based on valid procedures and principles, and scientific study is conducted in an orderly manner. This keyword is crucial as it underlines the need for a systematic approach to ensure that the research conclusions drawn are valid and reliable.

💡Cyclical

Cyclical describes something that repeats or occurs in cycles. In the script, it is mentioned that 'research is a cyclical process because it starts with a problem and ends with a problem.' This concept is key to understanding the iterative nature of research, where findings from one study can lead to new questions and further research, creating a continuous loop of inquiry and discovery.

💡Analytical

Analytical refers to the process of breaking down information or data into individual components to understand it better. The video explains that good research is analytical, utilizing proven procedures to gather data that can be examined in various ways, such as historically, descriptively, or experimentally. This keyword is central to the research process as it enables researchers to scrutinize data to derive meaningful insights.

💡Critical

Critical in the context of research implies the exercise of careful judgment and precise interpretation. The script states that 'research exhibits careful and precise judgment' and shows 'precise interpretation based on the results.' Being critical is essential for evaluating the validity of research findings and for ensuring that conclusions are well-founded.

💡Methodical

Methodical describes an approach that is systematic and follows a set procedure. The video emphasizes that good research is conducted in a methodical manner without bias, using systematic methods and procedures. This keyword is important as it ensures that the research process is structured and that findings are not influenced by subjective opinions or prejudices.

💡Replicability

Replicability is the ability of a study to be repeated or replicated to achieve the same results, which is a hallmark of scientific validity. The script mentions that 'the research designing procedures are replicated or repeated to enable the researcher to arrive at valid and conclusive results.' This concept is vital as it allows for the verification of research findings by other researchers, enhancing the credibility of the study.

💡Intellectual Curiosity

Intellectual curiosity is the desire to learn, explore, and understand new things. The video script describes a good researcher as one who possesses 'intellectual curiosity,' undertaking inquiries and raising questions about things and situations around them. This trait is fundamental for researchers as it drives them to seek new knowledge and to delve deeper into their areas of study.

💡Ethics in Research

Ethics in research refers to the principles and guidelines that ensure the responsible conduct of research. The script discusses various ethical considerations such as 'objectivity and integrity,' 'respect of the research subject's right to privacy and dignity,' and 'protection of subjects from personal health.' These ethical standards are crucial for maintaining the integrity of the research process and for protecting the rights of all parties involved.

💡Research Process

The research process is the series of steps or stages that researchers follow to conduct a study. The video outlines the seven steps of the research process, starting with 'define and develop your topic or research problem' and ending with 'define new problem based on your recommendations.' Understanding this process is essential as it provides a structured approach to conducting research and ensures that all aspects of the study are carefully considered.

Highlights

Introduction to the characteristics, processes, and ethics of research for senior students.

Characteristics of good research: empirical, logical, cyclical, analytical, critical, methodical, and replicable.

Characteristics of a researcher: intellectual curiosity, prudence, healthy criticism, intellectual honesty, and intellectual creativity.

The seven steps of the research process: defining the research problem, finding background information, planning the research design, gathering data, processing and analyzing data, formulating insights and conclusions, and defining new problems.

Importance of selecting a research problem based on interest, availability of funds, and investigator's ability.

Reviewing literature to clarify and understand the research problem and existing evidence.

Planning research design including choosing appropriate methods like surveys, interviews, or case studies.

Data collection techniques for both qualitative and quantitative research methods.

Data processing and analysis using thematic analysis and statistical tools.

Formulating new insights, conclusions, and recommendations based on research findings.

Ethics in research: promoting responsible conduct, expanding knowledge, and supporting collaborative values.

Ethical considerations including objectivity, respect for privacy, presentation of findings, and misuse of research role.

Ethical principles in research: informed consent, honesty, objectivity, integrity, carefulness, and openness.

Respect for intellectual property, confidentiality, responsible mentoring, and publication.

Social responsibility, non-discrimination, competence, legality, animal care, and human subjects protection in research.

Rights of research participants including human rights, intellectual property, voluntary participation, anonymity, and privacy.

Ethical standards in research writing: avoiding research misconduct such as fabrication, falsification, and plagiarism.

Transcripts

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