Using Parallel Structures || GRADE 8 || MELC-based VIDEO LESSON | QUARTER 3 | MODULE 6
TLDRThe video script provides an educational lesson on the concept of parallelism in English grammar. It begins by defining parallel as equidistant and non-intersecting, using the example of parallel lines. Parallelism in grammar is introduced as the use of similar or identical grammatical structures in phrases within a sentence, which adds balance, clarity, and rhythm. The script offers exercises to identify words with different grammatical forms and correct them to achieve parallel structure. It also discusses the importance of parallelism in lists, clauses, and pairs of connected ideas, emphasizing its role in enhancing readability and writing style. The lesson concludes with the assertion that while lack of parallelism isn't always incorrect, parallel structures improve sentence coherence and balance.
Takeaways
- 📚 Parallelism in English grammar is the use of similar grammatical structures for phrases in a sentence, which provides balance, clarity, and rhythm.
- 🔍 Parallel structures are identified by the repetition of grammatical forms in two or more parts of a sentence, such as 'to give than receiving' versus 'to give than to receive'.
- ✅ Correct parallel structure involves matching verb forms, for example, changing 'singing' to 'sing' to match 'dig', 'cook', and 'dance'.
- 🔄 To achieve parallelism, ensure that different parts of a sentence follow the same grammatical pattern, such as using all past tense verbs or all infinitives.
- 📉 Avoid mixing different grammatical forms in a series, like mixing an infinitive with a gerund, as it breaks the parallel structure.
- 📈 Parallelism is not only for single words but also applies to phrases and clauses, ensuring that each part of a series begins with the same word or phrase.
- 🔑 When listing connected ideas, use coordinating conjunctions like 'and', 'but', 'or', and ensure that the ideas connected are of the same grammatical form.
- 📝 In paper outlines and headings, parallel structure should be maintained for clarity and consistency, with each section title being of the same grammatical form.
- 🚫 Avoid grammatically incorrect sentences by ensuring parallel structure, which improves readability and writing style.
- 🎶 Parallelism is often used in songs, poems, and speeches to create a sense of rhythm and harmony in language.
- 📈 Learning to recognize and use parallel structures can significantly enhance one's ability to write and speak English more effectively.
Q & A
What does the term 'parallel' mean in the context of English grammar?
-In English grammar, 'parallel' refers to parallel structures or parallelism, which is when phrases in a sentence have similar or the same grammatical structure. It provides balance and clarity to a phrase and gives it a pattern and rhythm.
What is the basic concept behind parallelism in sentences?
-The basic concept behind parallelism is the repetition of two or more grammatical forms in different parts of a sentence to create a sense of balance and rhythm.
Which sentence among the given pairs is considered to have parallel structure: 'It is better to give than receiving' or 'It is better to give than to receive'?
-The sentence 'It is better to give than to receive' has a parallel structure because both parts of the comparison ('to give' and 'to receive') are in the same grammatical form, which is the infinitive form.
Why is 'simplicity is beauty' considered to have a parallel structure?
-'Simplicity is beauty' is considered to have a parallel structure because both 'simplicity' and 'beauty' are nouns, maintaining the same grammatical form.
What should you do to make the word 'singing' parallel with the other words in the list 'dig, cook, dance, singing'?
-To make 'singing' parallel with the other words, you should change its form to 'sing', which is the base or infinitive form of the verb, making all the words in the list verbs in their base form.
How can you make the sentence 'I like to jog, bake, paint, and watching movies' parallel?
-To make the sentence parallel, you should change 'watching' to 'watch' so that all verbs are in the infinitive form: 'I like to jog, bake, paint, and watch movies'.
What is the difference between the sentences 'The company is looking for a candidate who is friendly, organized, meticulous, and is going to arrive to work on time' and 'The company is looking for a candidate who is friendly, organized, meticulous, and punctual'?
-The first sentence is not parallel because 'is going to arrive to work on time' is a phrase expressing an idea in the future tense, while the rest of the phrases are adjectives. The second sentence is parallel because 'punctual' is an adjective, matching the grammatical structure of 'friendly', 'organized', and 'meticulous'.
Why is the sentence 'Initial trials showed that exposure to the chemical caused memory problems, intermittent dizziness, and prevent sleep' not parallel?
-The sentence is not parallel because 'memory problems' and 'intermittent dizziness' are noun phrases, while 'prevent sleep' is a verb phrase, which breaks the parallel structure.
What is the key to maintaining parallel structure in a list that follows a colon?
-The key to maintaining parallel structure in a list that follows a colon is to ensure that all elements in the list have the same grammatical form, such as all being nouns, verbs, or adjectives.
How does parallelism apply to a series of clauses in a sentence?
-Parallelism applies to a series of clauses in a sentence by ensuring that all clauses start with the same introductory word or phrase, such as 'that' in 'that' clauses, creating a sense of balance and coherence.
What is the benefit of using parallel construction when a sentence contains a pair of connected ideas?
-Using parallel construction for a pair of connected ideas helps to clarify the relationship between those ideas and makes the sentence easier to read and understand by creating a consistent grammatical pattern.
Why is it important to maintain parallel structure in writing?
-Maintaining parallel structure in writing is important because it helps to avoid grammatically incorrect sentences, improves the readability of the text, and adds a sense of balance and rhythm to the writing, making it more aesthetically pleasing and easier for readers to follow.
Outlines
📚 Introduction to Parallelism in English Grammar
The first paragraph introduces the concept of parallelism in English grammar. It begins with a greeting and an overview of the lesson's focus on parallel structures. The teacher explains that parallelism involves using similar grammatical structures in a sentence to create balance and clarity. It is also described as the repetition of grammatical forms across different parts of a sentence. The paragraph provides examples to illustrate correct parallel structure, such as preferring 'it is better to give than to receive' over 'it is better to give than receiving'. It also includes exercises for the viewer to identify words with different grammatical forms and suggests how to correct them to achieve parallelism.
🔍 Identifying Parallel Structures in Sentences
The second paragraph delves deeper into parallelism by examining sentence structures. It discusses how to identify and correct non-parallel structures in sentences. The teacher provides examples of sentences with and without parallel structures, explaining the importance of maintaining a consistent grammatical form across a series of words or phrases. The paragraph also touches on the use of parallel structure in lists and the application of parallelism in job descriptions and outlines. It emphasizes the clarity and readability that parallelism brings to written and spoken language.
🚫 Avoiding Mixed Forms for Parallelism
The third paragraph focuses on the importance of not mixing different grammatical forms when constructing parallel phrases. It provides examples of sentences that are not parallel due to the use of inconsistent grammatical structures, such as mixing noun phrases with verb phrases. The paragraph also discusses the application of parallelism to clauses in a sentence and how it should be applied to lists following a colon. It concludes with examples of parallel construction in pairs, highlighting the use of coordinating conjunctions and correlative conjunctions to link ideas in a parallel manner.
📝 The Benefits of Parallelism in Writing
The final paragraph summarizes the benefits of using parallel structure in writing. It emphasizes that while lack of parallelism is not always grammatically incorrect, sentences with parallel structure are generally easier to read and provide a sense of balance. The teacher provides examples of correct sentences with parallel structure and encourages the viewer to practice identifying and creating parallel structures. The paragraph ends with a prompt for the viewer to apply what they've learned and a reminder to subscribe for more lessons on English grammar.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Parallelism
💡Adjective
💡Verb
💡Noun Phrase
💡Adverb
💡Clause
💡Correlative Conjunction
💡Infinitive Verb
💡Gerund
💡Series
💡Balance
Highlights
Parallelism in English grammar is also known as parallel structure, where phrases in a sentence have similar or the same grammatical structure.
Parallelism provides balance and clarity to a phrase, and gives it a pattern and rhythm through the repetition of grammatical forms.
Correct parallel structure examples: 'It is better to give than to receive' and 'Simplicity is beauty'.
To achieve parallelism, change 'singing' to its base form 'sing' to match the base form of 'dig', 'cook', and 'dance'.
Make 'waits' parallel with 'locked', 'ate', and 'took' by changing it to the past form 'waited'.
Change 'actively' to an adjective to match the other adjectives 'beautiful', 'simple', 'intelligent', and 'lazy'.
Sentences A and C have parallel structure because the verbs are all in the same form (infinitive or -ing).
Sentence B lacks parallel structure as it mixes an infinitive with a gerund, breaking the pattern.
In a series of adjectives describing a noun, use parallel structure by keeping all adjectives in the same grammatical form.
Avoid mixing noun phrases with verb phrases to maintain parallel structure in a series.
Parallelism is also applicable to a series of clauses in a sentence, where all underlying clauses should start with the same word (e.g. 'that').
In lists after a colon, ensure all elements have parallel structure to maintain readability.
Use parallel construction when a sentence contains a pair of connected ideas, often linked by coordinating conjunctions like 'and', 'but', 'or'.
Parallel structure should be applied to elements in paper outlines and headings to improve clarity and coherence.
Maintaining parallel structure helps avoid grammatically incorrect sentences and enhances writing style.
Parallelism makes sentences easier to read and adds a sense of balance to the writing.
Examples of correct parallel structure: 'It is better to give than to receive' and 'Simplicity is beauty'.
Parallelism is used in songs, poems, speeches, and other forms of writing to create rhythm and enhance readability.
Transcripts
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