Open System, Closed System and Isolated System - Thermodynamics & Physics

The Organic Chemistry Tutor
1 Dec 201703:07
EducationalLearning
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TLDRThis tutorial elucidates the distinctions among open, closed, and isolated systems. An open system permits the flow of both matter and energy, exemplified by an open container of water where gases can enter or exit. A closed system, depicted as a sealed container, restricts matter flow but allows energy transfer; oxygen cannot enter or leave, but heat can. An isolated system is a highly insulated closed container where neither matter nor energy can cross its boundaries, thus nothing enters or exits. The explanation is designed to clarify these fundamental thermodynamic concepts.

Takeaways
  • 🌊 In an open system, both matter and energy can flow in and out. The system can exchange mass with its surroundings.
  • 🔄 An example of an open system is an open container of water, where substances like oxygen gas can enter and leave the container.
  • 🔥 Energy transfer in an open system includes heat and light, which can also move in and out of the system.
  • 🚫 In a closed system, matter cannot flow in or out, but energy can still be exchanged with the environment. This is represented by a sealed container.
  • ❌ For instance, oxygen gas cannot enter or leave a closed system, but heat can still flow in and out.
  • 🔒 An isolated system is one that is extremely well-insulated, where neither matter nor energy can enter or leave. It is represented by a closed, insulated container.
  • 🌡️ In an isolated system, the heat energy cannot escape or enter, maintaining a constant internal state.
  • 📝 The three types of systems are defined by their ability to exchange matter and energy: open systems allow both, closed systems allow energy but not matter, and isolated systems allow neither.
  • 🔍 Understanding these system types is crucial for studying thermodynamics and the behavior of energy and matter in various contexts.
  • 🌟 The concepts of open, closed, and isolated systems are fundamental in physics and engineering for analyzing and designing systems.
  • 📚 This tutorial provides a basic overview and is a starting point for more in-depth study of these system types and their applications.
Q & A

  • What is the primary difference between an open system and a closed system?

    -The primary difference is that in an open system, both matter and energy can flow in and out, while in a closed system, matter cannot flow in or out, but energy can.

  • Can matter enter or leave an open system?

    -Yes, in an open system, matter can flow into and out of the system, as exemplified by oxygen gas being able to enter and leave the system.

  • Is energy transfer possible in an open system?

    -Yes, energy such as heat or light can flow into and out of an open system.

  • What defines a closed system?

    -A closed system is one where matter cannot flow in or out, but energy can still be exchanged with the surroundings.

  • How is an isolated system different from a closed system?

    -An isolated system is one where neither matter nor energy can enter or leave, unlike a closed system where energy transfer is possible.

  • What are the characteristics of an isolated system?

    -An isolated system is extremely well-insulated, meaning that neither matter nor energy can cross its boundaries.

  • Can heat energy flow into or out of an open system?

    -Yes, heat energy can flow into or out of an open system, allowing for energy exchange with the environment.

  • Is it possible for a closed system to be well-insulated?

    -A closed system is not necessarily well-insulated; it can exchange heat energy with its surroundings.

  • What happens to the energy in an isolated system?

    -In an isolated system, the energy remains constant as it cannot be added to or removed from the system.

  • Can an open system be a container with a lid?

    -Technically, an open system does not have to be a container with a lid, but for illustrative purposes, the tutorial uses an open container to represent the concept.

  • What is the significance of the boundaries in these systems?

    -The boundaries in these systems are significant as they determine what can or cannot pass through; open systems have permeable boundaries, closed systems have semi-permeable boundaries, and isolated systems have completely impermeable boundaries.

Outlines
00:00
🌐 Introduction to System Types

This paragraph introduces the three different types of systems: open, closed, and isolated. An open system is exemplified by an open container of water, where matter (like oxygen gas) and energy (such as heat or light) can both flow in and out. A closed system, represented by a sealed container, allows energy to move but not matter, with oxygen gas from the air being unable to enter. An isolated system is a highly insulated closed container where neither matter nor energy can enter or leave, signifying complete insulation.

Mindmap
Keywords
💡Open System
An open system is a thermodynamic system in which both matter and energy can freely flow across its boundaries. In the context of the video, an open container of water is used as an example, where oxygen gas can enter and leave the system. This concept is crucial for understanding how an open system interacts with its surroundings, allowing for the exchange of substances and thermal or light energy.
💡Closed System
A closed system is one where matter cannot cross its boundaries, but energy can still be exchanged with the surroundings. The video illustrates this with a sealed container, indicating that while oxygen gas cannot enter or exit, heat energy can still flow in and out. This concept is important for understanding how a closed system maintains a constant mass while allowing energy transfer.
💡Isolated System
An isolated system is one where neither matter nor energy can enter or leave. It is a theoretical concept used in thermodynamics to describe a system that is completely insulated from its surroundings. In the video, this is exemplified by a very well-insulated closed container, where both water and heat energy are unable to escape or enter, representing a state of no interaction with the external environment.
💡Thermodynamics
Thermodynamics is the branch of physics that deals with the relationships between heat and other forms of energy, and the conversion of energy. It is the overarching scientific field to which the concepts of open, closed, and isolated systems belong. The video's discussion of these systems is a fundamental aspect of thermodynamics, focusing on how systems interact with their environment in terms of energy and matter.
💡Energy Flow
Energy flow refers to the transfer or movement of energy from one system to another or within a system itself. In the context of the video, it is used to describe how heat or light energy can move into or out of open and closed systems. Understanding energy flow is essential for analyzing the dynamics of a system and its potential to do work or change its state.
💡Mass Flow
Mass flow is the movement of matter from one place to another. In the video, it is used to describe the ability of matter to enter and leave an open system. This concept is important for understanding how systems can change their composition and how they interact with their environment through the exchange of matter.
💡Container
In the context of the video, a container is used as a physical representation of the different types of thermodynamic systems. It serves as a boundary that defines what is considered inside the system and what is outside. The type of container (open, sealed, or insulated) determines the nature of the system and how it can interact with its surroundings.
💡Interaction
Interaction, in the context of the video, refers to the exchange of matter and energy between a system and its environment. The level of interaction is determined by the type of system: open systems have high interaction with both matter and energy exchange, closed systems interact through energy exchange but not matter transfer, and isolated systems have no interaction as neither matter nor energy can cross their boundaries.
💡Insulation
Insulation in the context of the video refers to the prevention of heat transfer between a system and its surroundings. An isolated system is described as being extremely well-insulated, meaning it is completely prevented from any heat exchange with the environment. Insulation is a key factor in maintaining the integrity of a system's energy state in thermodynamics.
💡Boundary
A boundary in the video script represents the dividing line or barrier that separates a system from its environment. The nature of the boundary determines whether the system is open, closed, or isolated. It is crucial for defining the limits of the system and how it can interact with the external world.
💡Heat
Heat in the context of the video is a form of energy transfer that occurs between systems and their surroundings. It is used to illustrate the different levels of energy interaction in open and closed systems. Heat is a fundamental concept in thermodynamics and is essential for understanding how systems can change their internal energy and temperature.
Highlights

The tutorial discusses the differences between open, closed, and isolated systems.

An open system allows both matter and energy to flow in and out.

In the example, an open container with water represents the system.

Oxygen gas can enter and leave the open system, illustrating matter flow.

Energy such as heat or light can also move in and out of an open system.

A closed system is represented by a sealed container.

Matter cannot flow into or out of a closed system, but heat energy can.

The closed system is not insulated to heat, allowing energy flow.

An isolated system is a closed, well-insulated container.

In an isolated system, neither matter nor heat energy can enter or leave.

The isolated system is extremely well-insulated, preventing any exchange.

The review summarizes that in an open system, matter and energy can enter or exit.

In a closed system, matter cannot transfer, but energy can.

An isolated system prevents any entry or exit of matter and energy.

The distinctions between the three systems are based on the flow of matter and energy.

Transcripts

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System DynamicsThermodynamicsEnergy FlowMatter TransferScientific ConceptsEducational ContentPhysics TutorialClosed SystemsIsolated SystemsOpen Systems