Turning mercury into a weird sponge
TLDRIn this intriguing video, the creator explores the formation of ammonium amalgam, a substance not typically recognized as an amalgam due to its non-metallic nature under normal conditions. Starting with sodium amalgam, the process involves mixing it with ammonia and hydrochloric acid, leading to a fascinating reaction that forms a puffing, unstable substance. Experiments with temperature variations and different ammonium salts are conducted to observe the amalgam's behavior, offering insights into its mysterious properties. The video concludes with the creator's belief in the existence of the ammonium amalgam and the ongoing quest for a definitive answer.
Takeaways
- π§ͺ The video is about a series of experiments involving the reaction of sodium amalgam with mercury and other chemicals.
- π₯ The initial reaction between sodium metal and mercury was rapid, exothermic, and resulted in the formation of a liquid and solid form of amalgam.
- π¬ The creator used sodium amalgam as a 'gateway' to explore the formation of other amalgams, particularly the unusual ammonium amalgam.
- π A historical paper from 1865 provided a starting point for the process of creating ammonium amalgam, despite lacking precise details.
- π‘οΈ Experiments were conducted at both room temperature and cold temperatures to observe the effects on the stability and reaction time of the amalgam.
- π§ The reaction involved adding acid to ammonia to form ammonium ions, which then reacted with the sodium in the amalgam to create a puffing effect.
- π€ The exact mechanism behind the formation and behavior of the ammonium amalgam is not fully understood, with theories involving redox reactions and the formation of neutral radicals.
- π§ Lower temperatures slowed the reaction but did not significantly increase the longevity of the amalgam.
- π₯ Heating the amalgam with a heat gun caused it to decompose rapidly, indicating temperature sensitivity.
- π¬ The creator tested various ammonium salts and found that while most were compatible, ammonium nitrate had a destructive effect on the amalgam.
- π The video concludes with an update on the creator's merchandise shop and a call for support from Patreon subscribers.
Q & A
What series did the creator start with sodium metal and mercury?
-The creator started a series about unique reactions with almost every medal, beginning with sodium metal combined with mercury.
What happened when sodium was combined with mercury?
-The reaction was extremely fast, generating a lot of heat, causing the sodium to melt almost instantly and sometimes splashing and igniting.
What were the two forms of sodium amalgam created in the experiment?
-The two forms created were a liquid state when the concentration was below about 1% and a solid state when the concentration rose above that threshold.
Why did the creator start the series with sodium?
-Sodium was chosen because sodium amalgam can be used as a gateway to other amalgams, especially those that are normally difficult to form.
What is unique about the ammonium amalgam?
-The ammonium amalgam is unique because, unlike other amalgams, ammonium is not a metal under normal conditions.
What was the process for creating the ammonium amalgam according to the 1865 paper?
-The paper suggested that a liquid amalgam often worked better, and the creator used this as a starting point, adding sodium amalgam to a 10% ammonia solution and then adding hydrochloric acid to convert ammonia to ammonium ions.
What is believed to be the reaction between sodium and ammonium ions in the amalgam?
-It is believed to be a redox reaction where sodium gives up an electron to the positively charged ammonium ions, forming sodium ions and neutral ammonium radicals.
Why does the ammonium amalgam solidify when it is expected to behave like a gas?
-The exact reason is not known, but it is speculated that the ammonium radical, acting similarly to sodium metal, might be able to solidify mercury or alter the distribution of sodium in the mercury, causing areas of increased concentration to solidify.
How did the creator experiment with temperature to affect the amalgam's stability?
-The creator tried keeping the ammonia solution cold to slow down the degradation of the amalgam and observed the reaction at both room temperature and cold temperatures.
What was the effect of heating the amalgam with a heat gun?
-Heating the amalgam caused it to die almost instantly and barely grow, indicating that heat negatively affected the stability and reaction of the amalgam.
What was the final observation when the creator added ammonium chloride to the heated amalgam?
-After heating, adding ammonium chloride caused the amalgam to slow down bubbling and appear to freeze, suggesting a change in texture and stability due to temperature and the addition of ammonium chloride.
Outlines
π¬ Experimenting with Sodium Amalgam and Ammonia
The script details an experiment involving sodium amalgam and mercury, where the reaction between them is observed to be rapid and exothermic, leading to the formation of solid amalgam crystals. The creator's interest in forming an ammonium amalgam, a substance not typically a metal, is sparked by its potential use as a gateway to other amalgams. Initial attempts to create the amalgam using liquid amalgam and ammonia solution are unsuccessful, but the addition of hydrochloric acid leads to the formation of the desired ammonium amalgam through a redox reaction. The process is visually documented, and two potential theories for the amalgam's behavior are proposed: either the ammonium radical can solidify mercury at lower concentrations or the sodium amalgam distribution is altered by the reaction and gas bubbles, causing areas of increased concentration and solidification.
π§ Effects of Temperature on Ammonium Amalgam Stability
This paragraph explores the impact of temperature on the stability of the ammonium amalgam. The experimenter cools the ammonia solution in ice before adding it to the sodium amalgam and hydrochloric acid, observing a slower reaction and expansion. Despite the expectation that colder conditions would prolong the amalgam's stability, it degrades in approximately the same time frame as at room temperature. The experimenter also attempts to remove the amalgam from its container for closer examination, noting its rapid degradation upon exposure to air. Attempts to stabilize it with ammonium chloride solution are unsuccessful, and the amalgam's surface tension is observed to be altered, possibly due to residual sodium. The paragraph concludes with the experimenter's reflections on the amalgam's behavior and the challenges of studying its properties.
π₯ Investigating the Impact of Heat on Ammonium Amalgam
The script describes a series of tests to understand how heat affects the ammonium amalgam. Initially, the experimenter heats the amalgam with a heat gun and adds ammonium chloride, finding that high temperatures cause the amalgam to die quickly and barely grow. Upon reducing the heat, the reaction becomes more visually interesting but remains short-lived. The experimenter notes that the amalgam's texture becomes incredibly soft yet maintains its shape, and it slowly degrades. When ammonium chloride is added after heating, the amalgam's bubbling slows down, and it appears to freeze, possibly due to the cold solution or the chloride itself. The experimenter is unsure why this freezing effect occurs and hypothesizes that it may be related to the residual sodium or the cooling effect of the solution. The paragraph concludes with further tests using solid sodium amalgam, which expands like a water-absorbent toy but quickly degrades back to liquid.
π¨ The Journey of Creating an Amalgam and Channel Merchandise
The final paragraph reflects on the journey of creating an ammonium amalgam, which began with no visual references online and resulted in a fascinating discovery. The experimenter expresses hope for a definitive answer to the debate on whether a true ammonium amalgam forms. Additionally, the script shifts focus to the channel's merchandise, mentioning a past campaign selling shirts and sweaters and the recent opening of a Tspring shop featuring a single design. The experimenter is working on new designs, including one inspired by the Pharaoh serpent demo, and thanks the supporters on Patreon for their early access to videos and direct messaging privileges.
Mindmap
Keywords
π‘Sodium amalgam
π‘Ammonium amalgam
π‘Redox reaction
π‘Ammonia solution
π‘Hydrochloric acid
π‘Sodium hydroxide
π‘Ammonium chloride
π‘Degradation
π‘Temperature effects
π‘Surface tension
π‘Solid amalgam
Highlights
Experiment with sodium and mercury amalgam to observe unique reactions and properties.
Sodium amalgam acts as a gateway to other amalgams, including the challenging ammonium amalgam.
Ammonium amalgam is unique as it involves a non-metal under normal conditions.
Historical paper from 1865 provides a foundation for replicating the ammonium amalgam process.
Liquid sodium amalgam reacts with 10% ammonia solution, but requires acid to form ammonium amalgam.
Redox reaction between sodium and ammonium ions leads to the formation of ammonium amalgam.
Ammonium amalgam's formation involves a neutral radical that behaves similarly to sodium metal.
Degradation of the amalgam at room temperature is rapid, producing hydrogen and ammonia gas.
Experiments conducted at lower temperatures to slow down the degradation of the amalgam.
Visual and textural changes observed when the amalgam is removed from water.
Ammonium chloride solution is used to test the stability and growth of the ammonium amalgam.
Heat and cold affect the amalgam's stability and reaction times differently.
Ammonium nitrate is found to have a destructive effect on the ammonium amalgam.
The texture of the amalgam after heating and cooling is uncharacteristic and soft.
Solid sodium amalgam expands when in contact with ammonium chloride solution.
Debate on whether the formed substance is an actual amalgam remains unresolved.
Creator's efforts to document and share the process of ammonium amalgam formation.
Opening of a T-shirt shop featuring designs inspired by channel's content.
Engagement with Patreon supporters for early access and exclusive content.
Transcripts
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