Condensation Polymerisation | Organic Chemistry | Chemistry | FuseSchool

FuseSchool - Global Education
7 Dec 201503:42
EducationalLearning
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TLDRThis video script delves into the formation of condensation polymers, contrasting them with addition polymers by highlighting the elimination of small molecules like water during their synthesis. It focuses on two main types: polyamides, exemplified by nylon 6,6, which are used in textiles and engineering due to their strength and low friction properties; and polyesters, with polyethylene terephthalate (PET) being a common example used in plastic bottles and clothing. The script simplifies the complex chemistry by using visual representations, making it accessible to viewers and providing insights into the practical applications of these polymers.

Takeaways
  • 🧪 Condensation polymers form through a process that not only creates the polymer but also eliminates a small molecule, typically water.
  • 🔗 Polyamides are a type of condensation polymer that includes the amide link, formed by the reaction between a carboxylic acid and an amine.
  • 🧵 Nylon 6,6 is a specific example of a polyamide, created by reacting hexane-1,6-diamine with hexanedioic acid, resulting in a strong material used in textiles and engineering.
  • 📚 The formation of polyamides can be visually simplified by representing the molecules as rectangular blocks to focus on the functional groups involved in the reaction.
  • 🛠 Nylon, as a polyamide, is valued for its structural integrity and low friction properties, making it ideal for applications like bearings and bushes.
  • 🍶 Polyesters are another class of condensation polymers, where ester links are formed by the reaction of a carboxylic acid with an alcohol.
  • 🧬 The formation of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), a common polyester, involves the reaction between Benzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid and ethane-1,2-diol, also releasing water.
  • 🥤 PET is widely recognized for its use in the production of plastic bottles for beverages.
  • 👗 Polyester is also used to make fabrics for clothing, highlighting its versatility in different applications.
  • 📘 Understanding condensation polymers involves recognizing the types of monomers involved, the types of links formed, and the applications of the resulting polymers.
  • 🔍 The script provides a clear explanation of how condensation polymers are formed, with a focus on the formation and uses of polyesters and polyamides.
Q & A

  • What is the main difference between condensation polymers and addition polymers?

    -Condensation polymers form with the elimination of a small molecule, typically water, during the polymerization process, while addition polymers form without the loss of any small molecules.

  • What are the two types of condensation polymers discussed in the script?

    -The two types of condensation polymers discussed are polyesters and polyamides.

  • What is the chemical structure that holds polyamides together?

    -Polyamides are held together by amide links, which are formed when a carboxylic acid reacts with an amine.

  • How is nylon 6,6 formed in the script's example?

    -Nylon 6,6 is formed by reacting hexane-1,6-diamine, which has an amine group on each side, with hexanedioic acid, which has a carboxylic acid at each end.

  • What is the common name for polyethylene terephthalate and what is it commonly used for?

    -Polyethylene terephthalate is commonly known as PET and is used for making plastic drinks bottles.

  • What is the chemical reaction that forms polyesters?

    -Polyesters are formed through the reaction of a carboxylic acid with an alcohol, resulting in ester links.

  • Which two molecules are used to form PET in the script's example?

    -Benzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid and ethane-1,2-diol are used to form PET.

  • What is the role of water in the formation of condensation polymers?

    -Water is eliminated as a byproduct during the formation of condensation polymers.

  • What are some uses of nylon in the script's description?

    -Nylon is used in the textile industry and in engineering applications where low friction is required, such as in bearings or bushes.

  • How are the long carbon chains in the molecules of condensation polymers simplified for visualization in the script?

    -The long carbon chains are removed and replaced with rectangular blocks to simplify the visualization and focus on the functional groups involved in the reaction.

  • What is the significance of the ester link in the formation of polyesters?

    -The ester link is significant as it holds the large polymer molecule together in polyesters, resulting from the reaction between a carboxylic acid and an alcohol.

Outlines
00:00
🧪 Formation and Uses of Condensation Polymers

This paragraph introduces the concept of condensation polymers, contrasting them with addition polymers where a byproduct is also formed during the reaction. It highlights the two main types of condensation polymers: polyesters and polyamides. The formation of polyamides, specifically nylon 6,6, is explained through the reaction between hexane-1,6-diamine and hexanedioic acid, resulting in a polymer held together by amide links. The paragraph also mentions the applications of nylon in the textile industry and engineering, particularly for its low-friction properties.

🔍 The Structure and Synthesis of Polyamides

This section delves deeper into the synthesis of polyamides, illustrating the reaction between a carboxylic acid and an amine to form an amide link. It simplifies the complex molecular structures by using rectangular blocks to represent the functional groups involved in the reaction. The process results in the elimination of water and the formation of a large polymer molecule, which is then discussed in the context of its various uses, especially in applications requiring structural integrity and low friction.

📦 Polyester Formation: From Molecules to Plastics and Fabrics

The paragraph focuses on the formation of polyesters, specifically polyethylene terephthalate (PET), through the esterification reaction between a carboxylic acid and an alcohol. Similar to polyamides, the complex molecular structures are simplified for clarity. The ester links that form between the molecules are highlighted, along with the release of water as a byproduct. The uses of PET in creating plastic bottles and the broader application of polyester in clothing fabrics are also discussed.

Mindmap
Keywords
💡Condensation Polymers
Condensation polymers are a type of polymer formed through a condensation polymerization process, where monomers react to form a large molecule and simultaneously release a small molecule, typically water. This concept is central to the video's theme as it distinguishes condensation polymers from addition polymers. Examples from the script include polyesters and polyamides, which are both condensation polymers formed with the release of water molecules.
💡Polyamides
Polyamides are a class of condensation polymers known for their amide linkages, formed by the reaction between a carboxylic acid and an amine. The video explains the formation of nylon 6,6, a type of polyamide, using hexane-1,6-diamine and hexanedioic acid as monomers. Polyamides are highlighted for their uses in the textile industry and engineering, particularly in applications requiring low friction.
💡Nylon 6,6
Nylon 6,6 is a specific type of polyamide polymer synthesized from the condensation reaction of hexane-1,6-diamine and hexanedioic acid. The video script uses this as an example to illustrate the formation of polyamides, where water is eliminated and amide links form the polymer chain. Nylon 6,6 is noted for its structural soundness and use in textiles and engineering applications.
💡Amide Link
An amide link is a chemical bond that connects monomers in a polyamide polymer. The script explains that this link is formed when a carboxylic acid reacts with an amine, resulting in the release of water. The amide link is a key feature of polyamides and is central to their formation and properties.
💡Polyesters
Polyesters are another class of condensation polymers, characterized by ester linkages in their structure. The video focuses on polyethylene terephthalate (PET), which is formed from the reaction between Benzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid and ethane-1,2-diol. Polyesters are shown to have a wide range of applications, including plastic bottles and fabric production.
💡Ester Link
An ester link is the chemical bond found in polyester polymers, formed by the reaction of a carboxylic acid with an alcohol. The video script describes the formation of PET, where ester links are created, and water is released as a byproduct. Ester links are crucial to the structure and properties of polyesters.
💡Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET)
Polyethylene terephthalate, commonly known as PET, is a type of polyester polymer widely used in the production of plastic bottles and textile fibers. The script explains its formation from Benzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid and ethane-1,2-diol, highlighting the esterification process and the release of water.
💡Condensation Polymerization
Condensation polymerization is the chemical process by which condensation polymers are formed. It involves the reaction of monomers with the concurrent release of a small molecule, usually water. The video script describes this process in the context of forming both polyamides and polyesters, emphasizing its distinction from addition polymerization.
💡Hexane-1,6-Diamine
Hexane-1,6-diamine is a diamine monomer used in the production of nylon 6,6. The script describes its role in the condensation reaction with hexanedioic acid to form polyamide chains. It is an example of a monomer with an amine group on each side that contributes to the formation of amide links in the polymer.
💡Hexanedioic Acid
Hexanedioic acid is a dicarboxylic acid monomer that reacts with hexane-1,6-diamine to form nylon 6,6. The video script illustrates its role in the condensation polymerization process, where it provides the carboxylic acid groups necessary for forming amide links with the amine groups of hexane-1,6-diamine.
💡Benzene-1,4-Dicarboxylic Acid
Benzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid is a dicarboxylic acid monomer used in the synthesis of polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The script explains its reaction with ethane-1,2-diol to form ester links, which are characteristic of polyesters. This monomer is crucial for the formation of PET, a widely used polyester.
💡Ethane-1,2-Diol
Ethane-1,2-diol is a diol monomer that reacts with Benzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid to form PET. The video script describes its role in the esterification process, which is key to the formation of polyester polymers. It is an example of an alcohol monomer that contributes to the creation of ester links in the polymer chain.
Highlights

Condensation polymers form with the elimination of a small molecule, typically water.

Polyesters and polyamides are two main types of condensation polymers.

Polyamides, like nylon, are formed through the reaction of a carboxylic acid and an amine.

Nylon 6,6 is created by reacting hexane-1,6-diamine with hexanedioic acid.

The formation of polyamides involves the creation of amide links and the release of water.

Nylon has applications in the textile industry and as a structural material in engineering.

Polyesters are formed through the reaction of an alcohol with a carboxylic acid to create ester links.

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is an example of a polyester formed from Benzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid and ethane-1,2-diol.

The formation of polyesters also results in the release of water.

PET is commonly used for making plastic drink bottles.

Polyesters are also used to produce fabric for clothing.

Condensation polymerization involves monomers that react to form a polymer and a byproduct.

The structural representation of polymers can be simplified using rectangular blocks to illustrate functional groups.

Nylon's structural soundness makes it suitable for applications requiring low friction, such as in bearings or bushes.

Understanding the chemical processes behind polymer formation is crucial for their practical applications.

The tutorial aims to provide a clear understanding of what condensation polymers are and their uses.

Transcripts

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Related Tags
Condensation PolymersPolyestersPolyamidesNylon 6,6Polyethylene TerephthalateTextile IndustryEngineering MaterialsChemical ReactionsAmide LinksEster FormationPlastics