74HC595 & 74HC165 Shift Registers with Arduino

DroneBot Workshop

7 Mar 202040:37

EducationalLearning

32 Likes 10 Comments

TLDRIn this workshop, the presenter explores the use of shift registers with Arduino, demonstrating how to expand the microcontroller's I/O capabilities. They introduce two types of shift registers: the 74HC595 for output expansion and the 74HC165 for input expansion. The tutorial covers the basics of shift registers, wiring diagrams, and coding examples to create a binary counter with LEDs, drive a 7-segment display, and read inputs from push-button switches. The presenter also combines both shift registers for a more complex project, showcasing their versatility in modern electronic designs. The video is an educational resource for those interested in digital electronics and Arduino projects.

Takeaways

😀 The workshop focuses on shift registers, which are fundamental building blocks in digital electronics used to convert serial data into parallel data and vice versa.
🔌 Shift registers can expand the number of digital I/O ports on microcontrollers like Arduino, which is useful for projects requiring more than the available I/O ports.
💡 The Arduino Uno has 14 digital I/O ports plus 6 analog ports, while the Arduino Mega has 54 digital I/O ports and 16 analog ports, suitable for most projects but not all.
🛠️ Two types of shift registers are used in the workshop: the 74HC595 (serial-in parallel-out) for expanding outputs and the 74HC165 (parallel-in serial-out) for expanding inputs.
🔆 The 74HC595 shift register features an 8-stage serial shift register with internal storage and a 3-state output, allowing multiple devices to be cascaded.
🔩 The 74HC165 shift register allows for parallel load and serial input, with complimentary outputs for cascading multiple devices.
🔴 The workshop demonstrates how to wire 74HC595 with LEDs to create a binary count display and how to use it with a seven-segment display.
🔘 It also shows how to wire 74HC165 with push-button switches to read inputs and how to cascade shift registers for more I/O expansion.
🔌 The video provides detailed wiring instructions and Arduino code examples for both shift registers, including using resistor arrays for simplified wiring.
💻 The Arduino sketch for the 74HC595 involves shifting out bits to display a binary count on LEDs, while the 74HC165 sketch involves reading button states and outputting them serially.
🎨 The final demonstration combines both shift registers to create an interactive setup where button presses light up corresponding LEDs with specific patterns.

Q & A

What is the main topic of the workshop video?
-The main topic of the workshop video is working with shift registers to expand the number of outputs and inputs on an Arduino and creating a light display.
What are shift registers and why are they important in digital electronics?
-Shift registers are digital devices that can convert serial data into parallel data or vice versa. They are important because they can add additional digital I/O ports to microcontrollers and microcomputers, which can be very useful for projects that require more connections than the microcontroller provides.
How many digital I/O ports does an Arduino Uno have and can they be expanded?
-An Arduino Uno has 14 digital I/O ports plus 6 analog ports that could double as digital ports, totaling 20 digital I/O ports. Yes, they can be expanded using shift registers for additional inputs and outputs.
What is the purpose of the 74HC595 shift register in the workshop?
-The 74HC595 is a serial-in parallel-out shift register used in the workshop to expand the number of digital outputs on an Arduino, which can be used to drive multiple LEDs or other digital output devices.
How can the 74HC595 shift register be cascaded?
-The 74HC595 has a serial input and an output, allowing multiple devices to be connected in a chain. The output of one shift register can be connected to the input of the next, enabling the expansion of outputs.
What is the function of the 74HC165 shift register in the workshop?
-The 74HC165 is a parallel in serial out shift register used to expand the number of digital inputs on an Arduino. It can be used to read multiple input signals, such as from switches or sensors.
How can the 74HC165 shift register be cascaded?
-The 74HC165 can be cascaded by connecting the Q7 output of one shift register to the DS input of the next device. This allows for the expansion of input channels beyond the eight provided by a single 74HC165.
What is the significance of the output enable pin (pin 13) on the 74HC595 shift register?
-The output enable pin on the 74HC595 allows the output of the storage registers to be enabled or disabled. When this pin is pulled low, the parallel data output lines will reflect the data stored in the shift register.
Can the shift registers be used with other microcontrollers or just Arduino?
-Shift registers can be used with a variety of microcontrollers and microcomputers, not just Arduino. They are standard digital logic components that can be interfaced with any device that can handle serial and parallel data conversion.
What is the role of the filter capacitor in the experiments with shift registers?
-The filter capacitor is used to smooth the DC power supply for the TTL (74 series) chips. It helps to provide clean and stable power to the shift registers, which is important for reliable operation, especially in circuits with multiple LEDs or other power-hungry components.

Outlines

00:00

🔩 Introduction to Shift Registers and Arduino Workshop

The video introduces a workshop focused on shift registers, a fundamental component in digital electronics. The host demonstrates how to use shift registers to expand the number of inputs and outputs on an Arduino board, which is essential for projects requiring more connections than the board can provide. The tutorial also covers creating a light display with 50 characters. The subject was suggested by the community on the drôme bot workshop forums, a platform for suggesting new topics and interacting with fellow enthusiasts.

05:00

📡 Understanding Shift Registers and Their Applications

This paragraph delves into the technical aspects of shift registers, explaining their ability to convert serial data into parallel data and vice versa. The presenter clarifies that shift registers can add extra digital I/O ports to microcontrollers, which is beneficial for complex projects. The Arduino Uno and Mega are compared in terms of their I/O port capacity, and examples are given where additional ports would be necessary, such as an LED cube with 512 LEDs or using DIP switches for configuration settings.

10:03

🔌 Wiring and Programming the 74HC595 Shift Register

The presenter guides viewers through the process of setting up and programming the 74HC595, an 8-stage serial shift register used to expand digital outputs. The wiring connections between the Arduino, shift register, LEDs, and a filter capacitor are detailed. The accompanying code is explained, which involves a simple sketch to display a binary count on the LEDs, demonstrating the shift register's functionality in practice.

15:04

🔧 Utilizing the 74HC595 for Seven-Segment LED Displays

The video showcases an application of the 74HC595 shift register in driving seven-segment LED displays. It explains how to wire the display using the same circuit as the eight discrete LEDs and provides a code example. The code includes an array of binary patterns corresponding to the segments of the seven-segment display, allowing the display to represent numbers from 0 to F.

20:04

🔄 Exploring the 74HC165 Shift Register for Input Expansion

The 74HC165 shift register is introduced as a means to expand digital input capabilities on the Arduino. The pin layout and functionality of the 74HC165 are described, and a step-by-step guide is provided for connecting it to an Arduino along with eight push-button switches. The accompanying sketch demonstrates how to read the state of the switches and output the data to the serial monitor.

25:05

🔗 Combining 74HC595 and 74HC165 for Enhanced I/O Control

The video concludes with a demonstration of connecting both the 74HC595 and 74HC165 shift registers to the Arduino, effectively expanding both input and output capabilities. The combined sketch from previous experiments is used, with modifications to invert the data and match the bit order for the LEDs to light up according to the buttons pressed. This setup allows for a more complex interaction between inputs and outputs.

30:06

🎨 Creating Dynamic LED Patterns with Shift Registers

In an enhanced demonstration, the video presents a creative application of the shift registers, using them to produce dynamic LED patterns in response to button presses. An array of patterns is defined, and a switch-case statement in the code determines which pattern to display based on the pressed button. The improved sketch allows for custom LED patterns, showcasing the versatility of shift registers in electronic design.

35:06

📚 Conclusion and Additional Resources

The host wraps up the workshop by emphasizing the continued relevance of shift registers in modern electronic designs for expanding I/O ports. Links to additional information, code, and the drôme bot workshop newsletter are provided for those interested in further learning or participating in the community. The video ends with an invitation to subscribe to the channel, enable notifications, and join the drôme bot workshop forums for more electronic and DIY projects.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Shift Register

A shift register is a digital device capable of converting serial data into parallel data or vice versa. In the context of the video, shift registers are used to expand the number of input and output ports on a microcontroller like an Arduino, which is crucial for projects that require more I/O capabilities than the microcontroller can provide natively. The video demonstrates using shift registers to manage up to 512 LEDs in an LED cube or to add extra input ports via a DIP switch configuration.

💡Serial Data

Serial data refers to a sequence of digital values that are transmitted sequentially along a single communication line. In the video, serial data is used as input for the shift registers, which then convert this data into parallel data that can be used to control multiple LEDs or read multiple switch inputs. The concept is central to the operation of the 74HC595 and 74HC165 shift registers featured in the workshop.

💡Parallel Data

Parallel data is a form of data transmission where multiple bits are sent simultaneously over multiple lines. The video explains how shift registers can convert parallel data into serial data, which is useful for microcontrollers with limited I/O pins. This allows for more efficient data handling and is demonstrated when the Arduino reads the state of multiple push-button switches via a shift register.

💡Arduino

Arduino is an open-source electronics platform based on easy-to-use hardware and software. It is used in the video as the central microcontroller to which shift registers are connected to expand its I/O capabilities. The Arduino Uno and Mega are mentioned, with their respective I/O port counts being relevant to the discussion on why shift registers are necessary for projects with extensive I/O needs.

💡74HC595

The 74HC595 is a specific type of shift register mentioned in the video, which is a serial-in, parallel-out device. It is used to expand the number of digital outputs from the Arduino. The video provides a detailed demonstration of how to wire and program the 74HC595 to control a series of LEDs, showcasing its application in expanding output capabilities.

💡74HC165

The 74HC165 is another shift register type discussed in the video, functioning as a parallel-in, serial-out device. It is used to expand the number of digital inputs on the Arduino. The script describes how to connect the 74HC165 to an Arduino to read inputs from multiple push-button switches, highlighting its role in increasing input capacity.

💡Flip-Flop

A flip-flop is a type of digital memory storage element used in shift registers. It stores a single bit of data and is capable of holding its state without power. In the video, flip-flops are the internal components of the shift registers that hold the data as it is shifted through the register. They are essential for the operation of both the 74HC595 and 74HC165.

💡Cascading

Cascading refers to the process of connecting multiple shift registers in a chain to increase the number of I/O lines even further. The video explains how the 74HC595 and 74HC165 can be cascaded to expand the Arduino's I/O capabilities beyond what a single shift register can provide. This is demonstrated with examples of adding more LEDs or switches to the project.

💡LED Cube

An LED cube is a 3D structure composed of multiple layers of LEDs, which can display various patterns and images. In the script, an 8x8x8 LED cube is mentioned as an example of a project that would require a large number of I/O ports, thus necessitating the use of shift registers to control all the LEDs with a microcontroller like the Arduino.

💡DIP Switch

A DIP switch is a type of electronic switch that is mounted on a circuit board in a dual-inline package. The video uses DIP switches as an example of a configuration device that might require more input ports than available on a microcontroller. Shift registers can be used to expand the input capabilities to accommodate such switches without sacrificing other I/O needs.

💡SPI Library

The SPI library is a collection of functions in Arduino programming that facilitates communication using the Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) bus. The video mentions that users can employ the SPI library and SPI pins to connect shift registers, although it also notes that other I/O pins can be used without a library, depending on the project requirements.

💡Binary Count

A binary count is a method of counting in binary, which is a base-2 number system used in digital electronics. The video script describes using the 74HC595 shift register to display a binary count of 0 to 255 on a series of LEDs, demonstrating the shift register's capability to handle and display binary data.

Highlights

Introduction to shift registers, fundamental building blocks in digital electronics, and their use in expanding Arduino's I/O ports.

Explanation of how shift registers can convert serial data into parallel data and vice versa, enhancing microcontroller capabilities.

Overview of different types of shift registers: serial-in parallel-out, parallel-in serial-out, and their applications.

Technical specifications of Arduino Uno and Mega, illustrating the default number of digital I/O ports available.

Practical example of an LED cube requiring more I/O ports than an Arduino Mega can provide, demonstrating the need for shift registers.

Description of how shift registers can be used for data storage, buffering, and memory within other circuits.

Introduction to the 74HC595 and 74HC165 shift registers, explaining their functions and pin configurations.

Step-by-step guide on connecting the 74HC595 shift register to an Arduino for expanding digital outputs.

Coding tutorial for the 74HC595 to display a binary count on LEDs using the shift register.

Demonstration of the 74HC595 driving eight LEDs to show a binary count in action.

Use of a resistor array to simplify wiring for multiple LEDs in the shift register circuit.

Application of the 74HC595 in driving seven-segment LED displays and the necessary wiring changes.

Coding techniques for driving a seven-segment display using a shift register to represent numbers 0 to F.

Live demonstration of a seven-segment display counting in hexadecimal using a shift register.

Introduction to the 74HC165 shift register for expanding digital inputs on an Arduino.

Detailed wiring instructions for connecting the 74HC165 with an Arduino, push-button switches, and pulldown resistors.

Coding and demonstration of reading data from push-button switches using the 74HC165 shift register.

Combining the 74HC595 and 74HC165 shift registers to expand both inputs and outputs on an Arduino.

Advanced demonstration using shift registers to create interactive light patterns with push buttons.

Final thoughts on the relevance of shift registers in modern electronic designs for expanding I/O capabilities.

Transcripts

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Related Tags

Shift Registers Arduino Digital Electronics LED Displays Workshop DIY Electronics Electronic Design Microcontroller Parallel Data Serial Data