Pediatric Dentistry | PRACTICE QUESTIONS | INBDE, ADAT
TLDRIn this bonus video of the pediatric dentistry series, Ryan reviews 15 practice questions designed to reinforce concepts covered in the series and prepare viewers for the board exam. The questions span topics such as tooth development stages, primary tooth anatomy, managing oral habits, pediatric anesthesia dosage calculations, dental fear origins, examination techniques for young children, medication effects, treatment options for dental trauma, pulpotomy procedures, space maintainers, and managing uncooperative patients. Each question is followed by a detailed explanation, aiming to solidify the viewer's understanding of pediatric dentistry and enhance their board exam readiness.
Takeaways
- 🦷 The stages of tooth development include initiation, proliferation and bud, cap and bell, and calcification, with initiation being the stage where congenitally missing teeth can occur due to failure.
- 📏 Enamel rods in primary teeth slope towards the occlusal surface, and primary tooth roots are more divergent compared to permanent teeth, which is important for understanding primary tooth anatomy.
- 👶 Thumb-sucking habits in children can lead to changes in occlusion, but if the habit is less frequent, teeth may return to a more normal position, and conservative monitoring is advised.
- 💊 Dosage calculations for local anesthesia, like lidocaine, are critical in pediatric dentistry, with a maximum recommended dose per kilogram of body weight.
- 😨 Fear of dental procedures in children is often modeled after their parents, with parental influence being significant in young children.
- 👶🦺 The knee-to-knee examination technique is used for infants and toddlers, ensuring the child's comfort and the dentist's access to the oral cavity.
- 💊 Amphetamines are one of the common medications for ADHD in children, which a dentist should be aware of when taking a patient's medical history.
- 🦷 In cases of tooth intrusion, especially in primary teeth, a conservative approach is often best, with no active treatment if the tooth is not impinging on the permanent successor.
- 💊 Buckley's formulation is the most common medication used for pulpotomy procedures in children, as other materials like calcium hydroxide are contraindicated in primary teeth.
- 🦷 Space maintainers are crucial after the loss of primary teeth to prevent shifts that could affect the eruption of permanent teeth, with the distal shoe being a common choice.
- 🌟 The sequence to close a midline diastema involves waiting for the permanent canines to erupt, using orthodontics to close the diastema, and finally performing a frenectomy if necessary.
- 🦴 Radiographic lucencies near the furcation of a primary tooth can indicate pulpal pathology, which can affect the developing permanent tooth and may require extraction.
Q & A
What is the result of failure in the initiation stage of tooth development?
-Congenitally missing teeth are the result of failure in the initiation stage of tooth development, which is the first stage where focal thickening of oral epithelium occurs.
How do the enamel rods in the gingival third of primary teeth differ from those in permanent teeth?
-In primary teeth, the enamel rods slope occlusally, whereas in permanent teeth, they slope cervically.
What is the best advice for a parent whose child has a thumb-sucking habit that has improved over time?
-The best advice is to counsel the parent regarding the habit and schedule a follow-up visit in three to six months to monitor further improvement, as the habit has decreased and the occlusion is improving.
What is the recommended maximum dose of lidocaine for a 20-kilogram child?
-The recommended maximum dose of lidocaine for a child is 4.4 milligrams per kilogram. For a 20-kilogram child, this would be 88 milligrams of lidocaine.
What is the most likely explanation for a six-year-old patient's fear of dental treatment during their first dental visit?
-The most likely explanation is that the fear and anxiety are being modeled by the parents, as children at this age often emulate their parents who are seen as role models.
How should a dentist perform an exam on a one-year-old child?
-The dentist should perform a knee-to-knee exam, which is the classic method for examining children less than two years old.
Which medication is commonly taken by pediatric patients with ADHD?
-The three most common psychostimulant medications taken for ADHD in children are methylphenidate, atomoxetine, and amphetamine.
What is the treatment of choice for a four-year-old patient with tooth II that was traumatically intruded and approximately 50% of the crown is visible clinically?
-In cases where a primary tooth is dramatically intruded and not impinging on the permanent successor, the treatment of choice is to leave the tooth alone, hoping it will spontaneously re-erupt.
What is the most common medication used for pulpotomy procedures in children?
-The most common medication used for pulpotomy procedures in children is Buckley's Formocresol, as calcium hydroxide is contraindicated in primary teeth due to potential pathologic root resorption.
What space maintainer is ideal for a situation where a six and a half year old child lost tooth number 14 and the tooth has not yet emerged into the oral cavity?
-The ideal space maintainer for this situation is a distal shoe appliance, which is placed on the primary first molar to maintain space for the erupting permanent molar.
What is the treatment of choice for a primary first molar with furcal involvement?
-The treatment of choice for a primary first molar with furcal involvement, indicating a necrotic pulp, is extraction of the primary molar and placement of a space maintainer if needed.
What is the proper sequence to close a midline diastema in a child with a heavy maxillary labial frenum?
-The proper sequence is to first wait for the upper permanent canines to erupt, then close the diastema with orthodontics, and lastly perform a frenectomy.
Which malocclusion makes a child most susceptible to traumatic dental injury?
-A child with an increased overjet, where the upper teeth are significantly protruding over the lower teeth, is most susceptible to traumatic dental injury.
What does a radial lucency at the furcation of a primary mandibular first molar usually indicate in a five-year-old patient?
-In a five-year-old patient, a radial lucency at the furcation of a primary mandibular first molar usually indicates pulp necrosis, often due to deep caries compromising the pulp, which can spread infection and disturb the developing permanent successor.
What should the dentist do if a 5-year-old patient becomes physically combative during a tooth extraction?
-The dentist should first discuss with the parents about the use of any physical restraint methods, obtain informed consent, and consider the most conservative approach before proceeding.
Outlines
😀 Pediatric Dentistry Board Exam Practice Questions
Ryan introduces a bonus video in the pediatric dentistry series, focusing on 15 practice questions that cover topics from the series and are relevant to the board exam. He encourages viewers to watch the full series before attempting these questions. The material is divided into eight videos, and the questions are designed to be similar to what test-takers will encounter on the exam day. The first question discussed is about congenitally missing teeth and their developmental stage.
🦷 Anatomy and Habits in Pediatric Dentistry
The video continues with questions about the anatomy of primary teeth, including the slope of enamel rods and the divergence of roots. It then addresses a case where a child's thumb-sucking habit has improved, and the best advice for the parent is to monitor the situation without aggressive intervention. The discussion also covers the safe administration of lidocaine for a child and the influence of parental fear on a child's dental anxiety.
👶 Exam Techniques and Medications in Pediatric Dentistry
Ryan explains the knee-to-knee examination technique for infants and toddlers, the observation of a pediatric patient taking amphetamine, and the treatment of a four-year-old patient with a traumatized tooth. The video emphasizes the importance of understanding the correct use of medications like calcium hydroxide and Buckley's formocresol in dental procedures for children.
🦴 Tooth Development and Space Maintainers
The video discusses the treatment for a prematurely lost tooth and the ideal space maintainer for a specific scenario. It also covers the treatment options for a primary first molar with furcal involvement, highlighting the importance of extraction and space maintenance in such cases.
🖌️ Sequence of Treatments for Midline Diastema
Ryan outlines the correct sequence for closing a midline diastema in a child with a heavy maxillary labial frenum. The steps include waiting for the upper permanent canines to erupt, closing the diastema orthodontically, and performing a frenectomy as the final step.
⚠️ Risk Factors for Traumatic Dental Injury
The video addresses the risk factors for traumatic dental injuries in children, focusing on malocclusions that make children more susceptible to such injuries. It also discusses the implications of a radial lucency at the furcation of a primary mandibular first molar, indicating pulp necrosis and the potential disturbance of the permanent successor's eruption path.
👩⚕️ Managing Uncooperative Patients in Dentistry
The final question deals with managing an uncooperative five-year-old patient who needs a tooth extraction. Ryan emphasizes the importance of discussing any physical restraint with the parents and obtaining informed consent before proceeding with any treatment, advocating for the most conservative and least invasive approach.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Pediatric Dentistry
💡Board Exam
💡Primary Teeth
💡Thumb-Sucking Habit
💡Local Anesthetic
💡Dental Fear
💡Knee-to-Knee Exam
💡Psychostimulant Medications
💡Pulpotomy
💡Space Maintainer
💡Malocclusion
Highlights
Ryan introduces a bonus video covering 15 practice questions related to pediatric dentistry.
The material for the board exam in pediatric dentistry is broken down into eight high-yield videos.
Congenitally missing teeth are usually a result of failure in the initiation or proliferation bud stage of development.
Primary teeth have enamel rods that slope occlusally, unlike permanent teeth, and their roots tend to be more divergent.
Thumb-sucking habits are less concerning if they occur less frequently and have led to improvements in overjet and overbite.
For a 20 kg child, the maximum safe dose of 2% lidocaine is calculated based on the recommended pediatric dose.
Fear of dental visits in a six-year-old is most likely influenced by their parents' attitudes rather than peers or media.
The knee-to-knee examination technique is suitable for children under two years old.
Common medications for ADHD include methylphenidate, atomoxetine, and amphetamine.
In cases of a traumatically intruded primary tooth, no active treatment is preferred unless it affects the permanent successor.
The most common medication used for pulpotomy procedures in children is Buckley's Formocresol.
For a prematurely lost primary molar, a distal shoe appliance is the ideal space maintainer.
Furcal involvement in a primary molar indicates pulp necrosis, and extraction is the treatment of choice.
The proper sequence to close a midline diastema includes waiting for permanent canines to erupt, orthodontic treatment, and then frenectomy.
Children with an increased overjet are more susceptible to traumatic dental injuries.
A radial lucency at the furcation of a primary mandibular first molar in a five-year-old usually indicates pulp necrosis.
When a child is uncooperative during dental treatment, it is important to discuss physical restraint with the parents and obtain informed consent.
The video concludes with an invitation for viewers to comment on their performance, enjoy the series, and subscribe for more content.
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