The US Marine who fought with a GUN made from 3 GUNS!

Simple History
31 Dec 201911:21
EducationalLearning
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TLDRTony Stein, a young Jewish toolmaker from Dayton, Ohio, joined the US Marine Corps in 1942, displaying natural leadership and fearlessness. He volunteered for the Marine paratroopers and fought in the Pacific Theater, earning a reputation as a sniper exterminator. Stein was later issued an experimental Stinger machine gun, a modified ANM2, which was lighter and more portable than standard machine guns. He used it effectively during the amphibious assault at Iwo Jima in 1945, where he was credited with killing at least 20 Japanese infantrymen and was awarded the Medal of Honor for his bravery. Tragically, Stein was killed by a sniper during a rescue mission, but his legacy lives on with the USS Stein, a US Navy frigate named in his honor.

Takeaways
  • 🎖 Tony Stein was a US Marine who was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor for his bravery during the Battle of Iwo Jima.
  • 📅 Stein enlisted in the US Marine Corps on September 22nd, 1942, shortly before his 21st birthday, driven by patriotism and a sense of duty.
  • 🥊 Before joining the Marines, Stein was known for his leadership skills, fearlessness, and success as an amateur boxer, winning the Dayton Golden Glove championship.
  • 🌊 He had a heroic act of saving a boy from drowning, which made the local newspaper, highlighting his natural inclination towards courage and service.
  • 🔧 Initially exempt from service due to his job as a tool and die maker, Stein's occupation was later deemed non-essential, allowing him to enlist.
  • 🪂 Stein volunteered for the Marine paratroopers, known as the 'power Marines,' and was part of the 3rd Marine Division in the Pacific Theater.
  • 🔫 He was issued with an experimental modified Stinger machine gun, which was lighter and more portable than the standard issue, allowing for greater mobility in combat.
  • 🔥 The Stinger had a high rate of fire (1350 rounds per minute) but was prone to overheating, which was managed by firing in short bursts.
  • 🛳 Stein's unit landed on the beaches of Iwo Jima on February 19th, 1945, and he played a crucial role in neutralizing enemy pillboxes and providing cover for his unit.
  • ⛰️ Despite losing his helmet and having his weapon shot out of his hands twice, Stein continued to fight and assist wounded soldiers, demonstrating exceptional bravery.
  • 🕊 Stein was injured and later killed by a sniper during a rescue mission, and his widow accepted his Medal of Honor, while a US Navy frigate was named in his honor in 1972.
Q & A
  • Who was Tony Stein?

    -Tony Stein was a young Jewish toolmaker from Dayton, Ohio who joined the US Marine Corps on September 22nd, 1942, just before turning 21. He was known for his leadership skills, fearlessness, and was a successful amateur boxer. Stein later became a Marine paratrooper and was involved in various combat operations during World War II.

  • Why was Tony Stein's job as a tool and die maker initially exempt from military service?

    -Tony Stein's job as a tool and die maker was initially exempt from military service because it was considered necessary for the war effort. However, when his occupation was dropped from the exemption list in September 1942, he promptly enlisted in the United States Marine Corps.

  • What was the nickname of the US Marines' new specialized combat unit that Tony Stein volunteered for?

    -The new specialized combat unit that Tony Stein volunteered for was nicknamed the 'power Marines'. This unit was the marine paratroopers, trained to carry out airborne assaults by being parachuted directly into combat zones.

  • What was the significance of the Stinger machine gun during World War II?

    -The Stinger machine gun was an experimental weapon designed to provide the US Marines with a highly portable and rapid-fire support weapon that could keep up with their fast-paced advances in the Pacific theater. It was lighter and more agile than the standard medium machine guns of the time, allowing a single soldier to carry and operate it effectively.

  • How did the Stinger machine gun come to be created?

    -The Stinger machine gun was created by modifying the ANM2 machine gun salvaged from crashed US naval planes. Marines on the front line improvised by adding Spade grips and converting tail gunner mounts into a tripod. Further improvements included the addition of an M1 Garand wooden butt, a specially designed trigger, a BAR bipod, a 100-round box magazine, and BA ARS rear gun sights.

  • What was the main drawback of the Stinger machine gun?

    -The main drawback of the Stinger machine gun was that it could easily overheat due to its exceptionally high rate of fire, up to 1350 rounds per minute. This was manageable when used in short bursts, but it was a significant concern for a weapon used on the ground without the cooling effect of an aircraft's slipstream.

  • How did Tony Stein use the Stinger machine gun during the Battle of Iwo Jima?

    -Tony Stein used the Stinger machine gun to great effect during the Battle of Iwo Jima. He attacked and neutralized several enemy pillboxes, credited with killing at least 20 Japanese infantrymen. He also had to return to the beachhead multiple times for more ammunition due to the weapon's high rate of fire.

  • What award did Tony Stein receive for his actions at Iwo Jima?

    -For his bravery and actions at Iwo Jima, Tony Stein was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor, which is America's highest military award.

  • What happened to Tony Stein after the Battle of Iwo Jima?

    -Tony Stein was injured by a mortar fragment during the fierce fighting at the foot of Mount Suribachi and was evacuated to a hospital ship. After a short rest, he volunteered to rejoin his unit, but on March 1st, 1945, while leading a rescue mission, he was shot dead by a Japanese sniper.

  • Why was a U.S. Navy Knox class frigate named the USS Stein?

    -In honor of Tony Stein's service and the posthumous recognition of his heroism, a U.S. Navy Knox class frigate was named the USS Stein in 1972.

  • What was the significance of the Medal of Honor citation for Tony Stein?

    -The Medal of Honor citation for Tony Stein's actions during the Battle of Iwo Jima recognized his extraordinary heroism and selflessness. It also referenced the Stinger machine gun he used as a 'personally improvised aircraft type weapon,' highlighting the innovative and effective use of the weapon in combat.

  • What was the ultimate fate of the Stinger machine guns after the war?

    -After the war, there was serious consideration given to putting the Stinger machine gun design into large-scale production. However, with the end of the war, the plan was permanently shelved, and no examples of the Stinger machine gun are known to exist today.

Outlines
00:00
🎖️ Tony Stein's Early Life and Service

Tony Stein, a young Jewish toolmaker from Dayton, Ohio, joined the US Marine Corps on September 22, 1942, just before turning 21. Despite his lack of formal education, he was known for his leadership and fearlessness, which were evident from his amateur boxing achievements and acts of bravery, such as saving a boy from drowning. His decision to enlist was influenced by his job as a tool and die maker, which was deemed essential for the war effort until it was removed from the exemption list. Stein then volunteered for the Marine paratroopers, known as the 'power Marines,' and was sent to the Pacific Theater to fight against the Imperial Japanese Army. He earned a reputation as a sniper exterminator during the Bougainville campaign. After marrying his girlfriend Joan, Stein was promoted to Corporal and reassigned to the 1st Battalion 28th Marines, participating in the amphibious landing at Iwo Jima. There, he was issued the experimental Stinger machine gun, which was a modified version of the ANM2 aircraft gun, designed to provide the Marines with a portable and rapid-fire weapon to support their fast-paced assaults.

05:00
🔫 The Development and Use of the Stinger Machine Gun

The Stinger machine gun was an improvised weapon developed by Marines during World War II to address the lack of portable fire support. Initially, the US military used the M1919 Browning and the BAR light machine gun, but these had limitations in terms of weight, setup time, and rate of fire. Marines began modifying ANM2 aircraft guns, which were lighter and more powerful, into a field-tested version known as the Stinger. However, these early models were still awkward to deploy. During the Bougainville Island campaign, Marine Private William H Colby improved the Stinger by replacing its mount with a BAR bipod. Later, Lieutenant Gray and Sergeant Greenwich further refined the design by incorporating parts from three different weapons, including an M1 Garand stock, a new trigger, and a 100-round box magazine. The improved Stinger was lighter and could be used by a single soldier, but it had a tendency to overheat due to its high rate of fire. Only six of these improved Stingers were made and saw action at Iwo Jima, where Corporal Stein used his effectively, even being awarded the Medal of Honor for his actions.

10:02
🌟 Tony Stein's Heroic Actions and Legacy

Corporal Tony Stein landed on the beaches of Iwo Jima on February 19, 1945, and played a crucial role in the assault. Despite losing his helmet and facing intense enemy fire, Stein used his Stinger machine gun to neutralize several enemy positions and was credited with killing at least 20 Japanese infantrymen. He made multiple trips back to the beachhead to resupply ammunition and assisted in carrying wounded soldiers. Stein's actions, including directing fire that led to the destruction of a stubborn enemy pillbox, earned him the Medal of Honor. His citation described the Stinger as a 'personally improvised aircraft type weapon.' Sadly, Stein was injured by a mortar fragment and later killed by a sniper while leading a rescue mission, making him one of the 7,000 US military personnel who lost their lives in the battle for Iwo Jima. His widow accepted his posthumous Medal of Honor, and in 1972, a US Navy Knox class frigate was named the USS Stein in his honor.

Mindmap
Keywords
💡US Marine
The United States Marine Corps (USMC) is a branch of the United States Armed Forces responsible for providing power projection from the sea, using the mobility of the U.S. Navy to rapidly deliver combined-arms task forces. In the script, Tony Stein is a US Marine who exemplifies the bravery and dedication associated with this elite military force.
💡World War II
World War II was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, involving many of the world's major powers, including all of the great powers, organized into two opposing military alliances. The script discusses Tony Stein's participation in this significant historical event, highlighting his role in the US Marine Corps during the war.
💡Marine Paratroopers
The Marine Paratroopers, also known as the 'power Marines,' were a specialized combat unit of the US Marine Corps trained for airborne assaults. In the transcript, Tony Stein volunteers to be assigned to this unit, which underscores his commitment to high-risk operations and his desire to serve in a critical capacity during the war.
💡Stinger Machine Gun
The Stinger Machine Gun was an experimental weapon developed during World War II by modifying the ANM2 aircraft gun to be more portable for infantry use. The script describes how Tony Stein was one of the few Marines issued with this new weapon, which he used effectively during the battle of Iwo Jima, emphasizing the innovation and adaptability of the US military during wartime.
💡Iwo Jima
Iwo Jima, also known as Iojima or Sulfur Island, was the site of one of the major battles of World War II between the United States and Japan. The script details Tony Stein's heroic actions during the amphibious assault at Iwo Jima, where he demonstrated exceptional valor and was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor.
💡Medal of Honor
The Medal of Honor is the United States' highest and most prestigious personal military decoration that may be awarded to recognize U.S. military service members who have distinguished themselves by acts of valor. Tony Stein was awarded this honor for his bravery, as detailed in the script, which makes his actions and the recognition of them central to the narrative.
💡Leadership
Leadership refers to the ability to guide, influence, and inspire others towards achieving goals. The script mentions that Tony Stein showed a natural ability for leadership from an early age, which is a key theme as it foreshadows his later accomplishments and the respect he garnered within the Marine Corps.
💡Fearlessness
Fearlessness is the state of being unafraid or showing courage in the face of danger. The transcript highlights Stein's fearlessness through his actions, such as winning the Dayton Golden Glove championship and saving a boy from drowning, which are indicative of his bravery and a central theme in his story.
💡Modified Weapon
A modified weapon refers to an armament that has been altered or customized from its original design, often to improve its functionality or suitability for specific tasks. The script discusses how the Stinger Machine Gun was a modified weapon, showcasing the resourcefulness and innovation of the Marines in addressing battlefield challenges.
💡Amphibious Assault
An amphibious assault is a military operation launched from the sea by naval forces and designed to establish a foothold at a point on the shore and expand it. The script describes the amphibious landing at Iwo Jima, a critical moment in the war and a significant aspect of Tony Stein's military service.
💡Purple Heart Medal
The Purple Heart Medal is a United States military decoration awarded to those who have been wounded or killed while serving in the military. In the script, Tony Stein receives a Purple Heart for injuries sustained during the battle at Iwo Jima, which underscores the sacrifices made by service members and the risks associated with combat.
Highlights

Tony Stein, a young Jewish toolmaker from Dayton, Ohio, joined the US Marine Corps on September 22nd, 1942, showing a natural ability for leadership and fearlessness.

Stein was a successful amateur boxer, winning the Dayton Golden Glove championship in February 1942, and was recognized for saving a boy from drowning.

He enlisted in the US Marine Corps after his job as a tool and die maker was no longer exempt due to its importance to the war effort.

Stein volunteered for the Marine paratroopers, the 'power Marines,' tasked with airborne assaults in the Pacific Theater.

During the Bougainville campaign, Stein earned a reputation as a sniper exterminator, credited with killing five enemy snipers.

After the paramarines were disbanded, Stein was promoted to Corporal and reassigned to Company A of the 1st Battalion, 28th Marines.

At Iwo Jima, Stein was one of the few Marines issued with the new experimental modified Stinger machine gun.

The Stinger was developed to provide the Marines with a highly portable and rapid-fire machine gun to support their fast-paced offensive tactics.

The Stinger was created by modifying the ANM2 machine gun, which was lighter and had more firepower than the standard M1919 medium machine gun.

Private William H Colby improved the Stinger by replacing its mount with a BAR bipod, making it more effective in combat.

Lieutenant Gray and Sergeant Greenwich further developed the Stinger, adding an M1 Garand wooden butt, a new trigger, and a 100-round box magazine.

The improved Stinger weighed six pounds less than the M1919 and had a high rate of fire, but could overheat; Marines were taught to fire in short bursts to manage this.

Only six of the improved Stingers were built and issued to Marines, including Corporal Stein, who used it effectively at Iwo Jima.

Stein's actions at Iwo Jima, including attacking enemy pillboxes and covering his unit's withdrawal, earned him the Medal of Honor.

Stein was injured during the battle and received a Purple Heart Medal; he volunteered to rejoin his unit after a short rest aboard a hospital ship.

Tragically, Stein was killed by a Japanese sniper while leading a rescue mission, making him one of 7,000 US military personnel to die in the battle for Iwo Jima.

Posthumously, Stein's widow accepted his Medal of Honor, and in 1972, a US Navy Knox class frigate was named the USS Stein in his honor.

Transcripts
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