AP World History: 3.3 Empires: Belief Systems

Advanced Placement

17 Apr 202032:18

EducationalLearning

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TLDRIn this engaging lecture, Mr. Smith from MacArthur High School explores the profound impact of belief systems on land-based states in Asia and Europe from 1450 to 1750. He delves into the Protestant Reformation, the rise of new Christian denominations, and the Catholic Church's response, highlighting key figures like Martin Luther. The lecture also touches on the Sunni-Shia divide in Islam, the Mughal Empire's religious tolerance, and the emergence of Sikhism, emphasizing the intertwining of religion and politics throughout history.

Takeaways

📅 The class is a live-streamed AP World History modern session taking place on a Friday, a day without school.
🎶 New music releases every Friday are celebrated, with artists like Kelly Clarkson, Kelly Rowland, and Demi Lovato being highlighted.
👨‍🏫 Mr. Smith from MacArthur High School in Irving, Texas is leading the discussion and review of Mr. Lazzaro's homework assignment on context and belief systems.
📝 The homework prompt focuses on the development and interactions of belief systems and their political, social, or cultural implications in Asian and European land-based states from 1450 to 1750.
🔍 Identifying the keyword 'affected' in the prompt is crucial for structuring the argument on how belief systems impacted states during the given period.
💥 The rise of gunpowder empires and the expansion of global trade and communication patterns are significant for understanding the context of belief systems' impact.
📖 The document analysis involves identifying the author's primary claim about the profound effects of religion on people and the divisions it can create.
🔄 The Protestant Reformation led to major divisions within Christianity and the emergence of new branches such as Lutheran, Calvinist, and Anglican churches.
🕍 The Catholic Church's response to the Reformation, known as the Counter-Reformation, included the Inquisition, the Society of Jesuits, and the Council of Trent.
🕎 Religious divisions in Islam, specifically between Sunni and Shia sects, persisted and influenced political conflicts, such as those between the Ottoman and Safavid Empires.
🌍 Syncretism, the blending of religious and cultural ideas, led to the formation of new religions, such as Sikhism in India under Mughal rule, which mixed elements of Islam and Hinduism.

Q & A

What is the main topic of discussion for the day in the AP World History class?
-The main topic of discussion is the development and interactions of belief systems and their political, social, or cultural implications in land-based states in Asia or Europe between 1450 and 1750.
How does Mr. Smith suggest students approach the prompt about belief systems affecting states?
-Mr. Smith suggests that students identify the most important word in the prompt, which is 'affected', and focus their thesis on explaining how belief systems had an impact on states.
What is the significance of gunpowder technology in the context of the period 1450 to 1750?
-Gunpowder technology was significant because it led to the rise of gunpowder empires. Land-based states in Asia during this period were dependent on gunpowder, using it to gain power and control over those they conquered.
How did the expansion of empires contribute to religious diversity?
-The expansion of empires, such as the Mughal Empire in India and the Ottoman Empire, led to multi-religious states where diverse religious groups came under the rule of one political power, resulting in religious diversity within these empires.
What was the role of the Catholic Church in Europe prior to the Protestant Reformation?
-Prior to the Protestant Reformation, the Catholic Church held extraordinary power over people, influencing their actions and behaviors, and even had the ability to tax them. The Church was a dominant force, often more influential than political powers like monarchs and lords.
What were Martin Luther's main objections to the Catholic Church?
-Martin Luther objected to the corruption within the Catholic Church, particularly the selling of indulgences, simony, and the restriction of the Bible to Latin, which most people could not understand. He believed in salvation through faith alone and advocated for the Bible to be translated into vernacular languages.
How did the Protestant Reformation lead to political changes in Europe?
-The Protestant Reformation challenged the authority of the Catholic Church, leading to wars and the rise of new political leaders who associated themselves with Protestant branches of Christianity or defended the Catholic Church based on their legitimacy tied to religious affiliations.
What is the significance of the Sunni and Shia division in Islam?
-The Sunni and Shia division in Islam is significant as it represents a major theological and political split that originated after the death of Prophet Muhammad in 632. This division led to different Islamic empires, such as the Ottoman Empire (Sunni) and the Safavid Empire (Shia), fighting not only for territory but also due to their religious differences.
What is Sikhism and how did it emerge?
-Sikhism is a religion that emerged in India during the Mughal Empire, founded by Guru Nanak. It is a syncretic faith that combines elements of Islam, particularly monotheism, with aspects of Hinduism, creating a new religious tradition.
What is syncretism and how does it manifest in world history?
-Syncretism is the blending of different religious or cultural ideas to create something new, often as a result of migration, imperial expansion, or long-distance trade. Examples include the emergence of Sikhism and the spread of religious ideas across empires and continents.
What advice does Mr. Smith give to the students for their AP World History exam practice?
-Mr. Smith advises students to create a chart to understand the rubric for the AP World History DBQ, focusing on how to earn points for each section of the exam, and to review their notes to understand what changes and continuities occurred in belief systems during the period 1450 to 1750.

Outlines

00:00

📚 Introduction to AP World History and Homework Review

The video begins with a welcome to an AP World History live-stream, acknowledging that it's Friday, traditionally a day off. The focus then shifts to the importance of new music and celebrating artists like Kelly Clarkson, Kelly Rowland, and Demi Lovato. Mr. Smith introduces himself as the moderator from MacArthur High School in Irving, Texas. A review of the previous day's homework assignment from Mr. Lazzaro is provided, emphasizing the concept of context within historical events. The homework prompt discussed the impact of belief systems on land-based states in Asia and Europe from 1450 to 1750, highlighting the rise of gunpowder empires and the creation of multi-religious states due to imperial expansion. The video encourages viewers to engage with their own teachers for feedback on their responses.

05:01

📖 Understanding the Author's Claim and the Impact of Religion

The segment delves into the author's primary claim about the profound impact of religion on people, highlighting how religious differences can deeply divide even those with other common traits. The Catholic Chancellor of France's viewpoint is presented, emphasizing that religion can lead to serious divisions and even violence. The author's negative portrayal of other religious groups like Lutherans and Huguenots is discussed, setting the stage for exploring continuities and changes within belief systems during the period 1450 to 1750, with a focus on major divisions in Islam and Christianity.

10:02

🏰 The Catholic Church's Influence Before the Protestant Reformation

This part of the script discusses the immense power and influence of the Catholic Church before the Protestant Reformation. It describes how the Church's power often surpassed that of political leaders, including the ability to levy taxes and persuade people to participate in the Crusades. The script also touches on the practice of selling indulgences and the execution of Jan Hus, a critic of the Church. The segment sets the stage for understanding the changes brought about by the Protestant Reformation, including the rise of Martin Luther and his objections to the Church's practices, particularly the concept of 'faith alone' and the need for Bible translation into vernacular languages.

15:05

🔄 The Protestant Reformation and Its Aftermath

The script details the Protestant Reformation, starting with Martin Luther's 95 theses and his objections to the Catholic Church's practices, such as the selling of indulgences and simony. It explains Luther's belief in salvation through faith alone and the importance of direct access to the Bible in one's own language. The segment also covers the emergence of various Protestant denominations like Calvinists, Huguenots, Puritans, and the Anglican Church. It discusses the broader political implications of the Reformation, including religious persecution and the Thirty Years' War, and contrasts this with the continuity of the Catholic Church's influence in Europe despite membership losses.

20:06

🕌 Religious Divisions and Syncretism in Islam and India

This paragraph discusses the religious divisions within Islam, specifically the Sunni-Shia split起源于632年 after the death of Prophet Muhammad, and how these divisions influenced the Ottoman and Safavid Empires. It also touches on the emergence of Sikhism in India under Mughal rule, a syncretic religion combining elements of Islam and Hinduism. The script emphasizes the importance of syncretism in world history, where different religious and cultural ideas mix to form new entities, as seen in the development of Sikhism and the ongoing religious diversity within the Islamic world.

25:08

📊 Analyzing Changes and Continuities in Belief Systems (1450-1750)

The script prompts viewers to brainstorm about the major changes and continuities in belief systems during 1450 to 1750. It highlights the Protestant Reformation and the emergence of new branches of Christianity, the Catholic Church's response to the Reformation, and the development of Sikhism in India. Despite these changes, the script notes the continuity of Catholicism's influence in Europe and the ongoing religious conflict between Sunni and Shia sects in Islam.

30:09

🎓 Preparing for the AP World History Exam

The video concludes with a reminder about the format of the AP World History exam, emphasizing the need to understand the rubric and how to earn points on the DBQ section. Mr. Smith encourages students to create a chart to understand the requirements for each point on the rubric and to prepare for the upcoming unit on maritime empires, which will be discussed in the next session.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡AP World History

AP World History is a course and exam offered by the College Board that focuses on the history of the world from the earliest human societies to the present. In the video, the teacher is preparing students for this exam by discussing historical periods and events, specifically from 1450 to 1750, and how belief systems affected land-based states in Asia and Europe.

💡Belief Systems

Belief systems refer to the underlying set of beliefs that guide an individual or group's understanding of the world and their place within it. In the context of the video, belief systems are central to understanding the historical development and interactions of societies in Asia and Europe, and their political, social, or cultural implications.

💡Gunpowder Empires

Gunpowder Empires refers to the political states that developed extensive control over the production and use of gunpowder, which gave them a significant military advantage. In the video, the rise of gunpowder empires is a key context for understanding the expansion and power dynamics of states in Asia and Europe between 1450 and 1750.

💡Religious Diversity

Religious diversity refers to the variety of religious beliefs, practices, and traditions within a particular society or geographical area. In the video, religious diversity is highlighted as a result of empire expansion, leading to multi-religious states and the subsequent interactions and conflicts between different belief systems.

💡Protestant Reformation

The Protestant Reformation was a major movement within Christianity in the 16th century that resulted in the creation of Protestant churches, a response to perceived corruption within the Catholic Church, and significant religious, political, and social changes across Europe. In the video, the Reformation is a key event that led to the division and formation of new branches of Christianity.

💡Sunni and Shia

Sunni and Shia are the two major denominations of Islam, originating from a disagreement over the rightful successor to the Prophet Muhammad after his death. Sunnis believe in the election of the most qualified individual, while Shias believe in the leadership being from the Prophet's bloodline. The video discusses the ongoing religious and political implications of this division, particularly in the context of the Ottoman and Safavid Empires.

💡Syncretism

Syncretism is the merging or blending of different religious, cultural, or philosophical beliefs and practices, often due to migration, imperial expansion, or long-distance trade. In the video, syncretism is exemplified by the development of Sikhism in India, which combined elements of Islam and Hinduism.

💡Crusades

The Crusades were a series of religious wars sanctioned by the Latin Church in the medieval period, aimed at reclaiming the Holy Land from Muslim control. The video mentions the Crusades as an example of the Catholic Church's influence and power over people, to the extent that it could mobilize them for religious wars.

💡Counter-Reformation

The Counter-Reformation, also known as the Catholic Reformation, was a period of Catholic resurgence in response to the Protestant Reformation. It involved reforms within the Catholic Church, as well as efforts to counteract Protestantism and reassert Catholicism's influence. In the video, the Counter-Reformation is characterized by the Inquisition, the Society of Jesus (Jesuits), and the Council of Trent.

💡Indulgences

Indulgences were a practice in the Catholic Church where people could pay money to reduce the punishment for their sins, with the promise of obtaining forgiveness more quickly. This practice was a major point of contention for critics of the Church, including Martin Luther, who saw it as a form of corruption and manipulation of religious doctrine.

💡Vernacular

Vernacular refers to the native language or dialect spoken by the ordinary people in a particular region or country. In the video, the translation of the Bible into vernacular languages is highlighted as a significant outcome of the Protestant Reformation, enabling more people to read and understand the Bible in their own language and promoting literacy.

Highlights

Introduction to AP World History modern live-streaming on a Friday, discussing the importance of new music releases and transitioning into a historical context.

Review of homework assignment from Mr. Lazzaro, focusing on understanding context and developing an argument about the impact of belief systems on land-based states in Asia and Europe from 1450 to 1750.

Emphasis on identifying the most important word in a prompt to shape the direction of the answer, in this case, 'affected' to understand the effects of belief systems on states.

Discussion on the rise of gunpowder empires and the impact of gunpowder technology on the political landscape of Asia and Europe.

Explanation of how imperial expansion led to the creation of multi-religious states, such as the Mughal Empire in India and the Ottoman Empire.

The importance of global trade and communication patterns in the spread of empires and gunpowder technologies.

A comprehensive paragraph providing context for the prompt, discussing the fall of the Mongol Empire and the rise of new empires using gunpowder weapons and controlling trade routes.

The author's primary claim about the profound impact of religion on people, dividing them more widely than any other belief.

Discussion on the power and influence of the Catholic Church prior to the Protestant Reformation, including its ability to tax and the sale of indulgences.

The role of Martin Luther and his 95 theses in challenging the Catholic Church, particularly its corruption and the concept of 'faith alone' for salvation.

The impact of the Protestant Reformation on women's access to religion and literacy, as well as the encouragement of reading and writing in vernacular languages.

The emergence of different branches of Christianity as a result of the Protestant Reformation, such as Lutherans, Calvinists, Huguenots, Puritans, and Anglicans.

The Catholic Church's response to the Protestant Reformation, known as the Counter-Reformation, including the Inquisition, the Society of Jesuits, and the Council of Trent.

The 30 Years War as a significant conflict resulting from religious divisions and its impact on European political structures.

Religious divisions within Islam, specifically the Sunni and Shia sects, and their political and cultural implications, including the rivalry between the Ottoman and Safavid Empires.

The development of Sikhism in India under the Mughal Empire as an example of syncretism, combining elements of Islam and Hinduism.

Major changes and continuities in belief systems between 1450 to 1750, including the Protestant Reformation, the Catholic Reformation, and the ongoing division between Sunni and Shia Islam.

A brief overview of the upcoming unit on maritime empires and a reminder for students to review the AP World History exam format and rubric.

Transcripts

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Related Tags

ReligiousHistory APWorldHistory GunpowderEmpires ProtestantReformation CatholicCounterReformation SunniShiaDivision MughalEmpire SikhismOrigins GlobalTrade CulturalSyncretism