Egyptian Mythology: The Essential - Ra, Horus,Osiris, Seth, Anubis, Bastet - See U in History

See U in History / Mythology
16 Jan 201915:33
EducationalLearning
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TLDRThe script narrates the creation and progression of the Egyptian pantheon, starting with the emergence of Benben from chaos, leading to the birth of gods like Shu, Tefnut, Geb, and Nut. It details the reign of Ra, the first Pharaoh, and the subsequent generations, including Osiris, Isis, Seth, and Horus. The story unfolds with Osiris's murder by Seth, Horus's quest for revenge, and his eventual ascension to the throne. The script also highlights the roles of other deities like Anubis, the god of embalming and afterlife, and Bastet, the cat goddess associated with protection and the sun. The narrative encapsulates the essence of Egyptian mythology, showcasing the divine struggles, the establishment of order, and the concept of life after death.

Takeaways
  • 🌌 The Egyptian universe began with chaos and the emergence of Benben amid the primordial waters.
  • 🌸 The lotus flower's blossoming brought the God Ra, who was associated with light and creation.
  • 🌦️ Ra created the first generations of gods, including Shu, the god of air, and Tefnut, the goddess of rain.
  • 🌊 Shu and Tefnut's exploration of the waters led to Ra's concern and the creation of human beings from his tears.
  • 🌍 Geb, the god of the earth, and Nut, the goddess of the sky, were born from Shu and Tefnut, leading to the creation of the sky and earth.
  • 🏆 Ra was considered the first Pharaoh and bestowed various sacred animals and the Nile River upon Egypt.
  • 🔮 Ra foresaw the end of his reign and forbade the sky and earth from having offspring, but Nut and Geb disobeyed, leading to the birth of powerful gods like Isis and Osiris.
  • 👑 Osiris became the god of the universe after Ra's departure, bringing civilization and order through agriculture, weaving, and laws.
  • 🐍 Seth, the jealous brother of Osiris, plotted against him, leading to Osiris's death and the beginning of the struggle between good and evil.
  • 🦅 Horus, the son of Osiris and Isis, sought to reclaim his rightful throne, leading to a series of battles and challenges with Seth.
  • ⚖️ The gods' court ultimately granted Horus the throne after 80 years, marking the triumph of order and light over chaos and darkness.
Q & A

  • Who emerged from the chaos to bring light and order to the world in the script?

    -Benben emerged from the chaos, and when the lotus flower blossomed, it brought the God Raw to the world, along with light.

  • What are the first generations of gods that were created according to the script?

    -The first generations of gods created were Shu, the God of the air, and Tefnut, the goddess of rain.

  • How were human beings born in this mythology?

    -Human beings were born from the tears of joy of the Great God Rah after Shu and Tefnut returned safe and sound from exploring the primordial waters.

  • What was the role of the god Gabe in the creation of the sky and the earth?

    -Gabe, the god of the earth, along with Knut, the goddess of the sky, were the offspring of Shu and Tefnut. Their creation led to the formation of the sky and the earth.

  • Why did the Great God Rah forbid the sky and the earth from having offspring?

    -Rah forbade the sky and the earth from having offspring because he had a premonition that their offspring would end his reign and bring about a new generation of gods.

  • What happened to Osiris after his brother Seth's betrayal?

    -After Seth's betrayal, Osiris was trapped in a coffin and thrown into the Nile, leading to his death. However, his wife Isis managed to recover his body, mummify him, and resurrect him using her divine powers.

  • Who became the new god of the universe after Osiris's death?

    -Osiris became the new god of the universe after his death, reigning over the world of the dead.

  • What was the role of Horus in the continuation of the Egyptian gods' saga?

    -Horus, the son of Osiris and Isis, was prophesied to reign over the skies and bring light back to Egypt. He challenged Seth for the throne, leading to a series of conflicts and eventually reclaiming his rightful throne after 80 years.

  • How did the god Seth attempt to make Horus unworthy of the throne?

    -Seth tried to make Horus unworthy by inviting him to a feast and attempting to abuse him during the night. However, Horus managed to defend himself and prevent Seth from planting his poisonous seed.

  • What was the significance of the golden disc that emerged from Seth's forehead?

    -The golden disc that emerged from Seth's forehead symbolized his humiliation. Thoth, the god of wisdom, took the bright disc and ingrained it in his own head, marking Seth's defeat.

  • How did the god Ra, as the Sun God, contribute to the defeat of the chaos force Apophis?

    -As the Sun God, Ra defended his vessel against Apophis, the terrible snake, with the help of Seth, the god of destruction. They defeated the serpent several times, making Ra's underworld journey safer.

  • What was the role of Anubis in the afterlife according to the script?

    -Anubis, the god with a jackal head, was the deity of embalming and mummification. He led the spirit of the dead to the underworld, where the deceased would be judged. Anubis played a crucial role in the process of weighing the heart of the deceased against the feather of truth to determine their fate in the afterlife.

Outlines
00:00
🌅 The Birth of the Egyptian Pantheon

This paragraph introduces the creation story of the Egyptian universe, starting with the chaotic ocean and the emergence of Benben, a pyramid-shaped mound. The lotus flower blossoms, bringing forth the God Raw, who brings light to the world. The first generations of gods, Shu (God of air) and Tefnut (Goddess of rain), are born from the tears of Raw. The narrative then describes the creation of the sky and earth through the union of their children, Gabe and Knut. The Great God Rah, who is likened to the first Pharaoh, rules the universe and bestows sacred animals and the Nile River upon Egypt. However, Rah fears his grandchildren may end his reign, leading to a series of events that result in the birth of the powerful offspring Isis, Neft, Seth, and Osiris, setting the stage for the saga of Egyptian gods.

05:01
🏹 The Struggle for the Throne: Osiris, Seth, and Horus

This paragraph delves into the story of Osiris, who becomes the new god of the universe and brings prosperity and civilization to mankind. His brother, Seth, the god of destruction, is envious of Osiris's fertile and prosperous kingdom. Seth murders Osiris and takes the throne, but Osiris's son, Horus, is destined to reclaim his rightful place. A series of conflicts and trials between Seth and Horus ensue, with Horus eventually defeating Seth and taking the throne with the help of his mother, Isis. The paragraph also touches on the role of Anubis, the god of embalming and mummification, and his connection to Osiris's resurrection and the afterlife.

10:02
🌍 The Sun God and the Afterlife: Ra, Anubis, and Bastet

This paragraph focuses on the Sun God Ra, who is revered throughout Egypt and is associated with the creation of the world and the daily cycle of the sun. Ra's journey through the sky and the underworld is described, along with his battles against the chaos serpent Apophis. The paragraph also discusses the role of Anubis as the protector of tombs and the guide of souls to the underworld, where the dead are judged. Additionally, the story of Bastet, the cat goddess associated with the sun and protection, is told, highlighting her role in Egyptian society and the sacred status of cats in ancient Egypt.

15:03
🐱 The Legacy of Feline Deities: Bastet and Sekhmet

This final paragraph explores the enduring legacy of Bastet and the feline deities in Egyptian mythology. Bastet, the cat goddess, is celebrated for her protective role and her association with the sun. The Egyptians held cats in high regard, considering them sacred and integral to their society. The paragraph also mentions the connection between Bastet and Sekhmet, two lion goddesses representing different aspects of divine power. Even after the decline of Egyptian gods' worship, the reverence for cats continues, symbolizing the lasting impact of these deities on culture and belief.

Mindmap
Keywords
💡Chaos
In the context of the video, chaos refers to the state of disorder and confusion that existed before the creation of the universe according to Egyptian mythology. It is the primal state from which the god Benben emerged, signifying the beginning of order and creation. This concept is central to the narrative as it sets the stage for the emergence of deities and the structured world that follows.
💡Benben
Benben is depicted as a significant deity in the video, emerging from the chaos and being associated with the creation of the universe. It is described as a huge pyramid, symbolizing the emergence of order and the beginning of creation. The term is integral to understanding the Egyptian creation myth as it represents the divine force that initiates the process of bringing structure to the universe.
💡Lotus Flower
The lotus flower in the video is a symbol of creation and rebirth. It is associated with the god Benben and is said to have blossomed, bringing the god Raw to the world. This imagery of the lotus flower opening is often used in mythology to represent the unfolding of life and the dawn of a new era. In the context of the video, it is a key element in the story of the universe's creation, signifying the emergence of light and order from chaos.
💡God Raw
God Raw, as mentioned in the video, is a deity brought forth by the blossoming of the lotus flower in the presence of Benben. This character represents the arrival of light and the divine in the world, which is a critical part of the creation story. The term 'God Raw' encapsulates the concept of divine illumination and the beginning of the first generations of gods, setting the foundation for the pantheon of Egyptian deities.
💡Shu and Tefnut
Shu and Tefnut are the god of air and the goddess of rain, respectively, according to the video. They are the children of the creator god and are integral to the narrative as they represent the exploration of the vast primordial waters that existed before the universe was fully formed. Their story illustrates the expansion and understanding of the cosmos by the deities, which is a crucial step in the creation process.
💡Ra
Ra, referred to as the Great God in the video, is a central figure in Egyptian mythology and is depicted as the sovereign ruler of the universe. Ra is credited with the creation of the first Pharaoh and the gifting of sacred animals to Egypt, symbolizing his power and influence over the world. His story is essential to the video's theme as it showcases the establishment of order, civilization, and the divine lineage that would continue to rule over Egypt.
💡Osiris
Osiris is portrayed in the video as the god who succeeds Ra and becomes the new ruler of the universe. He is associated with civilization, agriculture, and the establishment of laws, which brought prosperity and order to the Egyptian civilization. Osiris' reign and his eventual betrayal by his brother Seth are central to the video's narrative, illustrating the themes of governance, betrayal, and the cyclical nature of power.
💡Seth
Seth is depicted as the antagonist in the video, a powerful and ambitious deity who is envious of his brother Osiris' prosperous kingdom. His actions, including the murder of Osiris and the subsequent conflict with Osiris' son Horus, drive the narrative forward and represent the disruptive forces of chaos and evil in the struggle against order and good.
💡Horus
Horus, as the son of Osiris and Isis, is a key figure in the video, prophesied to defeat Seth and restore order. He symbolizes justice and rightful rule, with his quest to reclaim the throne representing the struggle for balance and the continuation of the divine lineage established by Ra. The narrative of Horus versus Seth is central to the video, encapsulating the eternal struggle between good and evil.
💡Anubis
Anubis, the god of embalming and mummification, is a significant deity in the video, associated with guiding souls to the afterlife and protecting tombs. His role in the narrative is multifaceted, as he is both the son of Nephthys and Set and the protector of the dead, including his assistance in the mummification of Osiris. Anubis represents the transition from life to death and the maintenance of order in the afterlife.
💡Isis
Isis, as the wife of Osiris and mother of Horus, is a central goddess in the video. She is depicted as a divine healer and protector, responsible for the resurrection of Osiris and the protection of her son Horus. Isis embodies the nurturing and restorative aspects of divinity, and her actions are crucial in the narrative as they lead to the eventual triumph of order over chaos.
💡Apophis
Apophis, referred to as the terrible snake in the video, is a symbol of chaos and destruction. This serpent is constantly attempting to consume and destroy the sun boat of Ra, representing the forces of disorder trying to overcome the light and order established by the gods. The daily struggle against Apophis is a key element in the video, illustrating the ongoing battle between good and evil, order and chaos.
💡Bastet
Bastet, the cat goddess in the video, is associated with protection, the sun, and the defense against chaos, particularly the serpent Apophis. She is depicted as a deity who follows Ra during the day and protects the world at night. The reverence for cats in Egyptian culture is highlighted through Bastet, showing the deep integration of religious beliefs into everyday life and the significance of animals in their mythology.
Highlights

The beginning of the universe was described as a chaotic ocean, from which Benben emerged.

Benben was a huge pyramid that was associated with the creation of a lotus flower and the birth of the God Raw.

The first generations of gods according to the transcript include Shu, the God of air, and Tefnut, the goddess of rain.

The universe was captivated by the vast primordial waters, which Shu and Tefnut explored.

Rah, the Great God, felt distressed when his children Shu and Tefnut took a long time to return, leading to the creation of human beings from his tears.

Gabe, the god of the earth, and Knut, the goddess of the sky, were born from the children of Shu and Tefnut, leading to the creation of the sky and the earth.

The Great God Rah was awarded the title of the first Pharaoh and gifted Egypt with several sacred animals, including the ox and the lion.

Rah had a premonition about his grandchildren giving birth to a new generation of gods, leading him to forbid the sky and the earth from having offspring.

Isis, Neft, Seth, and Osiris were born from the forbidden union of Nut and Geb, defying Rah's command.

Osiris became the new god of the universe after deposing Rah, bringing civilization to men and teaching them agriculture, weaving, and bread-making.

Osiris's reign was marked by prosperity, but his brother Seth, jealous of his brother's fertile and prosperous kingdom, plotted against him.

Seth, in his evil plan, drowned Osiris in the Nile, leading to Isis's profound grief and the traditional floods of the Nile.

Isis, with the help of her sister Neftis and Anubis, managed to recover and mummify Osiris, allowing him to resurrect and reign over the world of the dead.

Osiris and Isis's son, Horus, vowed to defeat Seth and reclaim his rightful throne, setting the stage for a divine conflict.

The gods decided the rightful heir to the throne through a series of challenges, with Seth and Horus transforming into hippos and submerged for three months.

Horus, despite his mother Isis's reluctance to kill Seth, eventually lost his patience and attacked her, cutting off her head.

The god Thoth saved Isis by replacing her severed head with a cow's head, continuing the saga of the Egyptian gods.

After 80 years of contention, Horus was finally granted the throne that was his by right, marking the beginning of his reign over Egypt.

Rah, the Sun God, was once the greatest of all gods, but as he aged, he decided to relinquish his power and ascend to the skies.

Anubis, the god with a jackal head, is a deity of life after death and was considered the protector of tombs and cemeteries.

Bastet, the cat goddess, was associated with the Sun and protected the world against the dreadful serpent Apophis.

Transcripts

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Egyptian MythologyCreation MythGods and GoddessesOsiris and IsisHorus and SethAnubis and AfterlifeSun God RaCultural HeritageMythical BattlesDivine Power