What is an Ion?

The Organic Chemistry Tutor
7 Aug 201710:31
EducationalLearning
32 Likes 10 Comments

TLDRThis video delves into the concept of ions, contrasting them with neutral atoms and explaining the reasons behind their electrical charges. It uses aluminum and sulfur ions as examples to illustrate how the number of electrons differs in ions versus atoms, leading to a net charge. The video also guides viewers through the process of determining the atomic symbol of an ion given the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons, and emphasizes the importance of the periodic table in identifying elements. The content is educational, providing a clear understanding of ionic and atomic structure, charges, and notation.

Takeaways
  • 🔋 Ions are charged particles, unlike neutral atoms.
  • ⚡ An ion with a positive charge is called a cation, and one with a negative charge is an anion.
  • 📊 The atomic number equals the number of protons in both atoms and ions.
  • 📉 The number of electrons in an ion is calculated by the atomic number minus the charge.
  • 💥 Atoms are electrically neutral because they have an equal number of protons and electrons.
  • 🔑 The net charge of an ion is determined by the difference between the number of protons and electrons.
  • 🌟 In a neutral atom, the number of protons and electrons is the same, resulting in no net charge.
  • 📌 To write an ion's atomic symbol, use the atomic number (number of protons) and indicate the mass number and charge.
  • 🔍 Identifying an element by its atomic number involves referring to the periodic table.
  • 📝 Practice problems help solidify understanding of how to calculate and represent ions based on their protons, neutrons, and electrons.
Q & A

  • What is an ion?

    -An ion is an atom or molecule that has an unequal number of protons and electrons, resulting in a net electrical charge.

  • How does an ion differ from a neutral atom?

    -A neutral atom has an equal number of protons and electrons, making it electrically neutral. In contrast, an ion has an unequal number of protons and electrons, leading to a net positive or negative charge.

  • What are the two types of ions based on their charge?

    -Ions can be categorized as cations, which have a positive charge, and anions, which have a negative charge.

  • How can you calculate the number of electrons in an ion?

    -To calculate the number of electrons in an ion, subtract the charge of the ion from its atomic number (number of protons). For a cation, this will result in a smaller number than the atomic number, and for an anion, it will result in a larger number.

  • What is the role of protons and electrons in determining the charge of an ion?

    -Protons carry a positive charge, and electrons carry a negative charge. The net charge of an ion is determined by the difference between the number of protons and electrons.

  • How does the number of protons and electrons in an atom relate to its electrical neutrality?

    -An atom is electrically neutral when it has an equal number of protons and electrons, balancing the positive and negative charges.

  • What is the atomic number of aluminum?

    -The atomic number of aluminum is 13, which represents the number of protons in its nucleus.

  • How many electrons does an aluminum ion with a charge of +3 have?

    -An aluminum ion with a charge of +3 has 10 electrons, calculated by subtracting the charge (3) from the atomic number (13).

  • What element has an atomic number of 16 and typically a mass number of 32?

    -Sulfur has an atomic number of 16 and typically a mass number of 32, which is the most common isotope.

  • How do you identify an element based on its atomic number, mass number, and charge?

    -You can identify an element by using its atomic number to find its position on the periodic table. The element's symbol is then used to write its ionic representation, including the charge.

  • What is the net charge of an ion with 29 protons, 34 neutrons, and 27 electrons?

    -The net charge of an ion with 29 protons, 34 neutrons, and 27 electrons is positive two, calculated by subtracting the number of electrons (27) from the number of protons (29).

  • How many electrons does an ion with 32 protons and a net charge of +4 have?

    -An ion with 32 protons and a net charge of +4 has 28 electrons, calculated by subtracting the charge (4) from the number of protons (32).

Outlines
00:00
🔬 Understanding Ions and Atomic Structure

This paragraph introduces the concept of ions, differentiating them from neutral atoms. It uses the aluminum ion as an example to explain that ions carry an electrical charge due to an imbalance in the number of protons and electrons. The explanation extends to cations and anions, and how their charges are determined. The atomic number's role in identifying the element and calculating the number of electrons in an ion is also discussed.

05:02
📊 Writing Atomic Symbols and Identifying Elements

This section delves into the process of writing atomic symbols for ions by using the atomic number (number of protons), mass number (sum of protons and neutrons), and charge (difference between protons and electrons). It provides a step-by-step method for determining the element based on these numbers and using the periodic table for identification. Examples with element X and phosphorus, as well as iron, illustrate the process.

10:03
🧠 Solving Problems with Ions and Charges

The final paragraph focuses on practical problem-solving related to ions. It explains how to calculate the net charge of an ion and provides examples with different proton, neutron, and electron counts. The process of identifying the element based on the atomic number and calculating the number of electrons for ions with given charges is also covered, offering a comprehensive understanding of ion composition and charge determination.

Mindmap
Keywords
💡Ions
Ions are atoms or molecules that have lost or gained one or more electrons, resulting in a net electrical charge. In the context of the video, ions are contrasted with neutral atoms to explain the difference in their electrical properties. The video uses the aluminum ion as an example to illustrate how ions carry a charge due to the imbalance between the number of protons and electrons.
💡Electrical Charge
Electrical charge refers to the property of matter that gives rise to electric forces and electric fields. In the video, it is explained that atoms are electrically neutral when they have an equal number of protons and electrons, whereas ions have a net charge due to the imbalance. The video provides the example of an atom and an ion of aluminum to demonstrate how the charge is calculated and why ions are charged.
💡Atomic Number
The atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, which defines the identity of the element. It is used to determine the number of electrons in a neutral atom and is crucial in calculating the charge of an ion. The video explains that the atomic number is equal to the number of protons, which is also the charge of the nucleus in an atom or cation.
💡Cation
A cation is an ion with a positive charge, which occurs when an atom loses one or more electrons. The video explains that a positively charged ion is known as a cation and provides the example of the aluminum ion, which has lost electrons and thus has more protons than electrons, resulting in a positive charge.
💡Anion
An anion is an ion with a negative charge, which happens when an atom gains one or more electrons. The video contrasts anions with cations and explains that a negatively charged ion is known as an anion because it has more electrons than protons, leading to a net negative charge.
💡Protons
Protons are subatomic particles found in the nucleus of an atom, carrying a positive electric charge. The number of protons in an atom determines its atomic number and defines the element. In the video, the charge of the nucleus is the sum of the charges of the protons, which is crucial in determining the net charge of an ion.
💡Electrons
Electrons are subatomic particles that orbit the nucleus of an atom and carry a negative electric charge. The number of electrons in a neutral atom is equal to the number of protons, but in ions, this balance is disrupted, leading to a net charge. The video explains how the number of electrons in an ion is calculated by subtracting the charge from the atomic number.
💡Neutral Atom
A neutral atom is an atom that has an equal number of protons and electrons, resulting in no net electrical charge. The video emphasizes that the electrical neutrality of an atom is due to the balance between the positive charge of protons and the negative charge of electrons.
💡Mass Number
The mass number is the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom. It is used to distinguish different isotopes of the same element, which have the same atomic number but different mass numbers due to varying numbers of neutrons. The video mentions the mass number in the context of identifying elements and calculating the charge of ions.
💡Ionic Symbol
The ionic symbol is a notation used to represent the charge and identity of an ion. It includes the element's symbol along with a superscript indicating the charge and, if necessary, a subscript indicating the number of electrons or the mass number. The video provides a step-by-step guide on how to write the ionic symbol based on the atomic number, mass number, and charge.
💡Periodic Table
The periodic table is a tabular arrangement of the chemical elements, organized by atomic number, electron configurations, and recurring chemical properties. It is used to identify elements based on their atomic number or other properties. In the video, the periodic table is referenced as a tool to identify elements when given their atomic numbers, as in the process of determining the identity of element X.
Highlights

The video discusses the concept of ions and their difference from neutral atoms.

An aluminum ion is used as an example to explain the concept of ions.

Atoms are neutral because they have an equal number of protons and electrons.

Ions possess a charge due to an imbalance between the number of protons and electrons.

A positively charged ion is called a cation, and a negatively charged ion is called an anion.

The atomic number equals the number of protons in both atoms and ions.

The number of electrons in an ion can be calculated by subtracting the charge from the atomic number.

The aluminum ion has 10 electrons, showing that ions have a different number of electrons than atoms.

The electrical neutrality of an atom is due to equal numbers of protons and electrons, while ions have a net charge due to their unequal numbers.

The video introduces phosphorus and sulfur as examples to further explain ions.

For negatively charged anions, the number of electrons exceeds the number of protons.

The video explains how to write the atomic symbol of an ion using the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons.

The periodic table is used to identify elements based on their atomic number.

The video provides a method to calculate the net charge of an ion.

An example is given to calculate the number of electrons in an ion with a specific number of protons and net charge.

The video concludes with a summary of the key points and thanks the viewers for watching.

Transcripts

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Chemistry EducationIon ConceptsAluminum IonSulfur IonAtomic StructureCharge CalculationPeriodic TableElectron ProtonsChemical SymbolsEducational Video