APUSH Unit 4 REVIEW [Period 4: 1800-1848]—Everything You NEED to Know

This paragraph introduces the video's purpose, which is to review Unit 4 of the AP U.S. History curriculum. The time period covered is from 1800 to 1848, focusing on the expanding role of the United States in world affairs, the transformation of society and economy in the early republic, and the growing democratic impulses during this era. The video is part of a larger set of review materials aimed at helping students excel in their AP U.S. History class and exam.

The paragraph discusses the debates surrounding America's foreign relations and federal power during the early 19th century. It highlights the conflict with the Barbary Pirates and Thomas Jefferson's stance against paying tribute for trade. It also covers the debate on the scope of federal power, with the Democratic-Republicans advocating for restricted federal power and the Federalists favoring a loose constructionist view of the Constitution. The Louisiana Purchase and the subsequent exploration of the new territory by Lewis and Clark are mentioned as significant events of this period.

This section delves into the impact of Supreme Court decisions on the expansion of federal power, with a focus on the Marbury v. Madison case and the establishment of judicial review. It also discusses the War of 1812, its causes, and consequences, including the demise of the Federalist Party and the rise of a supposed 'Era of Good Feelings' under the Democratic-Republican Party. The economic prescriptions of Henry Clay's American System are also mentioned, highlighting the regional tensions exacerbated by westward expansion and the Missouri Compromise of 1819.

The paragraph covers America's goals of firming up its boundaries and gaining more territory during this period. It discusses the treaties negotiated by John Quincy Adams that established the U.S.-Canadian border and the joint occupation of the Oregon Territory. The acquisition of Florida from Spain and the establishment of the southern border of the United States are also mentioned. The Monroe Doctrine of 1823 is highlighted as a proclamation of American dominance in the Western Hemisphere, aiming to keep European influence at bay.

This section explores the Market Revolution, which linked northern industries with western and southern farms through advances in agriculture, industry, communication, and transportation. It discusses the impact of new technology, such as the cotton gin and the spinning machine, on southern agriculture and northern industry. The advent of interchangeable parts and the transformation of trade by steamboats and canals are also covered. The paragraph then discusses the societal changes in America, including the growth of industrial cities, the influx of immigrants, and the development of a distinct middle class with disposable income for leisure activities.

The paragraph examines the expansion of democracy during this period, noting that only property-owning white males could vote. It discusses the Panic of 1819 and its impact on laboring men, leading to demands for the franchise. The political realignment following the election of 1824, which saw the split of the Democratic-Republican Party into the National Republicans and the Democrats, is also covered. The paragraph concludes with a discussion of Andrew Jackson's use of federal power, including his stance on tariffs, the nullification crisis, and his veto of the Second Bank of the United States.

This section highlights the development of a distinct American culture and the spirit of reform during this period. It discusses the standardization of American English through Noah Webster's dictionary, the rise of Transcendentalism, and the influence of these movements on art and the establishment of utopian communities. The Second Great Awakening and its impact on society, including the temperance movement and the founding of the Mormon religion, are also covered. The paragraph concludes with a discussion on the growing abolitionist movement and the first women's rights convention, signaling the beginning of the women's rights movement in America.

The final paragraph focuses on the South and the expansion of slavery after 1830. It discusses the wealth and power of the plantation aristocracy, the harsh discipline of enslaved people, and the cultural resilience of these laborers. The fear of slave rebellions among southerners, exemplified by Nat Turner's rebellion, and the subsequent imposition of harsher restrictions on slaves are also covered. The paragraph concludes by noting the belief in the institution of slavery and the racial hierarchy among both slave-owning plantation owners and yeoman farmers in the South.