#43 LEARN FREE MUSIC THEORY

Andrew Furmanczyk

5 Dec 201032:48

EducationalLearning

32 Likes 10 Comments

TLDRIn this free music theory video lesson, the instructor covers the complex topic of hybrid time signatures. He explains the concepts of main beats versus pulses, defining a hybrid time signature as combining one main beat grouping from a compound time signature with one from a simple time signature. He outlines the rules and components of duple, triple and quadruple hybrid times, using visual examples with notation to demonstrate strong/weak beats and rest patterns. Assignments are given to practice constructing bars with different hybrid time signatures, properly grouping notes and marking the main beats and pulses.

Takeaways

😀 Main beats are groups of notes while pulses are the individual beats
😊 Hybrid time combines a compound time main beat with a simple time main beat
🎵 The most common hybrid times are 5/4, 5/8, 7/8, etc
🎼 Hybrid time can have a continuous or alternating pattern
🎶 Label main beats above the staff and pulses below
👍 Duple hybrids have 2 main beats - like 5/8
👂 Triple hybrids have 3 main beats - like 7/8
🥁 Quadruple hybrids have 4 main beats - like 11/8
😀 Rests in hybrid time follow main beat groupings
🎻 Hybrid time signatures are uncommon but good to understand

Q & A

What are the two components that make up a hybrid time signature?
-A hybrid time signature combines one main beat grouping from a compound time signature and one main beat grouping from a simple/duple time signature.
What are some examples of hybrid duple time signatures?
-Examples of hybrid duple time signatures include 5/16, 5/8, 5/4, and 5/2.
How can the pattern in a hybrid time signature be structured?
-The pattern in a hybrid time signature can either be continuous, meaning it stays the same throughout, or alternating, switching back and forth between the two groupings.
What makes a time signature considered 'hybrid triple time'?
-A hybrid triple time signature uses groupings of 7, with one grouping of 3 beats and two groupings of 2 beats, such as in 7/16 or 7/8.
Can a 9/8 time signature be hybrid or compound?
-Yes, a 9/8 time signature can be either hybrid quadruple (with groupings of 2+2+3+2) or compound triple (with three groups of three).
How many main beat levels are there in hybrid time signatures?
-There are two main beat levels - the overall main beat groupings, and the individual pulses within those groupings.
How do rests work with hybrid time signatures?
-Rests within hybrid time signatures follow normal rest rules within the individual main beat groupings. You cannot combine rests over a duple and compound grouping.
What are the differences between main beats and pulses?
-The main beats are the wider groupings, while pulses refer to the individual notes/beats within those groupings.
What terms indicate the accents in hybrid triple time?
-In hybrid triple time, the main beat accents are labeled strong-weak-weak.
What makes hybrid time signatures unusual?
-Hybrid time signatures are unusual because they combine contrasting simple and compound beats, creating an unpredictable mixed rhythm.

Outlines

00:00

😀 Introducing Hybrid Time Signatures

The narrator explains what hybrid time signatures are - combining a compound time signature grouping with a simple time signature grouping. He talks about main beats versus pulses and uses examples like 5/4 and 5/8 to demonstrate duple hybrid time signatures.

05:00

🎵 Examples of Duple Hybrid Time Signatures

The narrator shows examples of constructing duple hybrid time signatures using quarter notes and dotted quarter notes. He explains the concept of continuous versus alternating patterns in hybrid time. He also explains why it is called duple hybrid time.

10:02

📝 Overview of Hybrid Time Signature Types

The narrator presents a chart summarizing the 3 main types of hybrid time signatures - duple, triple, and quadruple. He specifies which time signatures fall into each category and talks through some of the possible combinations.

15:04

➕ Triple and Quadruple Hybrid Times

The narrator explains the time signatures that use triple (strong-weak-weak) and quadruple (strong-weak-medium-weak) main beat groupings. He shows examples of 7/8 and 10/8 as hybrid triple and quadruple time signatures.

20:04

📏 Identifying Hybrid Time Signatures

Using a 10/8 example, the narrator explains how to identify hybrid time signatures by looking at the note groupings. He also talks about how rests work with hybrid times.

25:04

❓ Rests in Hybrid Time Signatures

The narrator clarifies the rules around using rests in hybrid time signatures, with examples. The main beats need to be treated separately from the pulses.

30:05

👨‍🏫 Hybrid Time Signature Homework

The narrator assigns homework for students to practice constructing examples of different hybrid time signatures using rhythms and rests. They need to label main beats and pulses when done.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡pulse

A pulse refers to each individual beat or note value in a measure of music. For example, each 8th note or 16th note would represent one pulse. The narrator contrasts pulses with main beats - pulses are the underlying steady beats, while main beats are the accented groupings of pulses. He states: "so a pulse is just the beat going by, like one two three four five six one two, three with no real different difference, between the two so a pulse is each note, where each it's um, sort of hard to explain..."

💡main beat

A main beat is an accented rhythmic grouping in a measure of music. Often main beats correspond to a longer note value than the underlying pulses. For example in 6/8 time with 8th note pulses, the main beats would be dotted quarter notes. The narrator explains that main beats create a feeling of rhythmic accent or grouping compared to evenly spaced pulses. He gives the example: "normally uh if we were, going to be splitting the bar in half we, would write these a dotted half a dotted, quarter in a dotted quarter okay,"

💡hybrid time signature

A hybrid time signature combines an uneven grouping of beats from a simple time signature (groups of 2 beats) and a compound time signature (groups of 3 beats). For example, one measure could contain a grouping of 3 eighth notes and a grouping of 2 eighth notes. The narrator defines it as: "when you take, one grouping or main beat from one time, signature like a compound time signature, and then you take one,". Hybrid times are uncommon but can create unique accent patterns.

💡duple

Duple refers to a simple time signature with beat groupings in 2's such as 2/4 or 4/4 time. The narrator uses the term duple to describe the simple time component of a hybrid time signature. He states "Duple, as we know it has two parts right, now the different duple time signatures, you can have are...". When combined with a compound beat grouping in hybrid time, it creates a dual accent pattern.

💡compound time

Compound time signatures have main beat groupings in 3's such as 6/8 or 9/8 time. The narrator refers to borrowing one grouping from a compound time to combine with a duple time grouping when creating a hybrid time signature. The compound groupings typically use dotted notes to create a long-short accent pattern within each main beat.

💡quadruple

Quadruple refers to time signatures with four main beats per measure such as 4/4 or 2/2. For hybrid quadruple meters, there are four different beat groupings per measure. As an example, the narrator describes 10/8 time which has four unequal groupings: "three, uh three three two two so three plus,". When conducting, quadruple meters use a conducting pattern of strong, weak, medium weak.

💡triple

Triple refers to compound time signatures with three main beats per measure such as 3/4 or 6/8. Hybrid triple meters borrow one triple grouping and one duple grouping. The narrator gives 7/8 as an example hybrid triple time signature. Conducting patterns for triple time use strong, weak, weak accents.

💡beat grouping

Beat grouping refers to the organization of pulses and main beats within a measure of music. Hybrid meters have unequal or asymmetrical beat groupings by combining duple and compound groups. The narrator stresses the importance of beat grouping for identifying and properly notating hybrid meters. As an example he explains: "so first you look for any dead giveaway, to see if you can figure out the, structure so this is dead giveaway here...."

💡transcribing

Transcribing refers to the process of notating and writing down music you hear. When discussing hybrid meters, the narrator notes how transcribing can help make the beat groupings clear by formatting: "if they're good they're gonna, kind of show and maybe move it so, there's a little bit of space you can, see that you know these beats go, together here...". Careful transcription clarifies complex rhythms.

💡rests

Rests refer to periods of silence notated in music. The narrator explains special rules for how rests behave within hybrid time signatures to maintain correct beat groupings. For example, he states that "neither can um dotted and not dotted or, in other words compound and simple okay, or duple", be combined in a rest.

Highlights

Main beats occur in groupings and represent the feeling of strong and weak beats

Pulses are the individual beats with no emphasis going by underneath the main beats

Hybrid time signatures combine one main beat grouping from a compound time signature and one from a simple time signature

Continuous hybrid patterns maintain the same main beat grouping order throughout while alternating patterns switch back and forth

Duple hybrid time signatures have two main beat groupings

Triple hybrid time signatures use groupings of three main beats and one group of two beats

Quadruple hybrid time uses strong, weak, medium weak beat patterns across four main beat groupings

9/8 can be compound triple or hybrid quadruple depending on how the beats are grouped

Main beat rests spanning a compound and simple grouping cannot be combined into one

Apply rest rules normally within main beat groupings after addressing rests spanning main beats

Pick different hybrid time signatures and practice constructing rhythms across 3 bars

Label main beats with strong/weak patterns and pulses underneath to check rhythmic grouping

Make sure beat groupings follow rules and notes clearly connect within main beats

Topic was simpler than expected after working through examples of grouping concepts

Next video covers changing time signatures, syncopations, and double dots

Transcripts

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