Why JFK's Casket Stayed Closed

Caitlin Doughty
22 Apr 202240:31
EducationalLearning
32 Likes 10 Comments

TLDRThis video explores the aftermath of President John F. Kennedy's assassination, focusing on the chaotic events surrounding his body's reconstruction, funeral arrangements, and the impact of Jessica Mitford's 'The American Way of Death' on public perception of the funeral industry. It delves into the struggle between Jackie Kennedy's desire for privacy and the public's right to mourn their president.

Takeaways
  • πŸš€ The video discusses the aftermath of President John F. Kennedy's assassination, focusing on the events following his death, including the reconstruction of his body and the impact on the American funeral industry.
  • πŸ” Lee Harvey Oswald is identified as the assassin who shot Kennedy from the Texas School Book Depository building, using a sniper's nest he built from boxes.
  • πŸ•° On November 22, 1963, Kennedy was in Dallas for a campaign tour and was assassinated while riding in a motorcade, with the first bullet hitting his throat and the second his head.
  • πŸ₯ Kennedy was rushed to Parkland Memorial Hospital, where he was declared dead at 1:00 pm, despite frantic efforts to save him.
  • πŸ’” Jackie Kennedy, covered in blood, remained steadfastly by her husband's side, exhibiting an unwavering protectiveness throughout the ordeal.
  • πŸ“¦ The choice of the Elgin Casket Company's Handley Brittania casket for Kennedy's remains proved problematic due to its weight and design, complicating transport.
  • πŸ›οΈ A conflict arose with Dr. Earl Rose, the Dallas county medical examiner, who insisted on performing an autopsy in Dallas, while Kennedy's people wanted to take the body to Washington.
  • πŸ›« The transportation of Kennedy's casket onto Air Force One was fraught with difficulties, including the casket being too heavy and the lift mechanism failing.
  • 🌳 The video highlights the influence of Jessica Mitford's book 'The American Way of Death' on the Kennedy family's approach to funerals, advocating for simplicity and criticizing the funeral industry.
  • 🌹 Jackie Kennedy played a significant role in planning the funeral, insisting on a closed casket and a more intimate, less ostentatious ceremony.
Q & A
  • Why was the Texas School Book Depository building significant on November 22nd, 1963?

    -The Texas School Book Depository building was significant because it was the location from where Lee Harvey Oswald allegedly shot President John F. Kennedy from the sixth floor window, using a sniper's nest he constructed from boxes.

  • What was the public's reaction to President Kennedy's arrival at Dallas's Love Field?

    -The public's reaction was mixed. While many people lined the streets to catch a glimpse of President Kennedy, not all were his supporters. Some thought Kennedy was a communist or a traitor, as evidenced by signs like 'Yankee go home' from the Dallas Indignant White Citizens Council.

  • What was the significance of the pink Chanel suit and pillbox hat worn by Jacqueline Kennedy on that fateful day?

    -The pink Chanel suit and pillbox hat became iconic, symbolizing the tragic event of the assassination. Jacqueline Kennedy was perfectly outfitted in this suit, and it became a poignant part of the day's imagery.

  • What were the immediate actions taken after President Kennedy was shot?

    -After the shooting, there was chaos and confusion. The president's limousine sped to Parkland Memorial Hospital, where doctors attempted to administer life-saving measures, but President Kennedy was declared dead at 1:00 pm central standard time.

  • Why was Jackie Kennedy so determined to stay by her husband's side during the medical efforts at Parkland Hospital?

    -Jackie Kennedy exhibited an obstinate protectiveness, refusing to leave her husband's side. She wanted to be present in the trauma room when he died, showing her commitment and love for him even in the face of tragedy.

  • What challenges did the Kennedy entourage face in transporting the president's remains from Dallas to Washington?

    -The Kennedy entourage faced several challenges, including the need for a casket, a standoff with the Dallas county medical examiner over the autopsy, and the physical difficulty of handling the heavy, hermetically sealed casket without proper equipment or expertise.

  • Why was there tension regarding the decision of whether to have an open or closed casket at President Kennedy's funeral?

    -The tension arose because Jackie Kennedy did not want an open casket, as she felt it was a morbid display and wanted people to remember her husband alive. However, Robert Kennedy and others believed that as the head of state, the president should be viewed by the public, leading to a closed casket only after Robert saw the embalmed body and agreed with Jackie.

  • What was the impact of Jessica Mitford's book 'The American Way of Death' on the Kennedy family's approach to funerals?

    -Jessica Mitford's book criticized the funeral industry for its expensive and macabre practices. The Kennedy family, having read the book, was influenced by its ideas and sought a simpler, less extravagant approach to President Kennedy's funeral, avoiding the involvement of funeral directors as much as possible.

  • How did the choice of the initial casket, the Handley Brittania, affect the handling and transportation of President Kennedy's remains?

    -The initial casket, a heavy, hermetically sealed solid bronze Handley Brittania, was not suitable for swift and easy cross-country transport. Its weight and design led to difficulties in handling and loading, causing damage to the casket and complicating the logistics of moving the president's remains.

  • What was the final disposition of the original casket used to transport President Kennedy's remains?

    -The original casket, after being used and damaged during the transportation of President Kennedy's remains, was eventually discarded and destroyed. It was flown out into the Atlantic Ocean, where it was sunk with holes drilled and weighted down with sandbags.

Outlines
00:00
πŸ›οΈ Assassination and Its Aftermath

This paragraph details the assassination of President John F. Kennedy from the perspective of the Texas School Book Depository, where Lee Harvey Oswald set up his sniper's nest. It describes the events leading up to the shooting, the motorcade through Dallas, and the chaos that ensued after the shots were fired. The paragraph also touches on the immediate aftermath, including Jackie Kennedy's steadfast refusal to leave her husband's side and the rushed efforts to get to Parkland Memorial Hospital, where doctors were unable to save the president's life.

05:00
πŸ›‘οΈ Jackie's Vigil and the Struggle for Kennedy's Remains

This section highlights the determination of Jackie Kennedy to stay by her husband's side, even as he was declared dead at Parkland Hospital. It discusses the initial refusal of Jackie to leave the trauma room and her insistence on witnessing her husband's death. The narrative then shifts to the challenges faced in transporting Kennedy's body, including the selection of an inappropriate casket by the funeral home and the tense standoff with the Dallas County medical examiner, Dr. Rose, who insisted on performing an autopsy in Dallas as per state law.

10:03
🚁 The Difficult Journey of Kennedy's Casket

This paragraph describes the arduous process of moving President Kennedy's body from Dallas to Washington, D.C. It details the difficulties encountered with the heavy and poorly chosen casket, the emotional turmoil of Jackie Kennedy and the Secret Service, and the logistical issues in transporting the casket onto Air Force One. The narrative also touches on the tense moments at Love Field and the struggle to load the casket onto the plane without further damage.

15:03
πŸ•ŠοΈ Jackie's Desire for a Simple Funeral

This section reveals Jackie Kennedy's wish for a simple and intimate funeral for her husband, influenced by the recent publication of Jessica Mitford's 'The American Way of Death,' which criticized the funeral industry for its extravagant and costly practices. Despite the desire to avoid funeral directors, the paragraph explains the necessity of involving Joseph Gawler's Sons, a prestigious funeral home, for the embalming and cosmetic reconstruction of President Kennedy's remains.

20:03
πŸ”¨ The Challenges of Restoring Kennedy's Appearance

This paragraph delves into the efforts of Gawler's embalming and reconstruction team to restore President Kennedy's appearance after the autopsy. It describes the challenges faced in rebuilding his skull and setting his face to a more natural state, as well as the concerns about potential leakage from the skull. The narrative also includes the selection of a new, more appropriate casket and the eventual decision to close the casket, respecting Jackie's wishes for privacy and dignity.

25:04
πŸŒ… The State Funeral and Jackie's Control

This section discusses the state funeral of President Kennedy, focusing on Jackie's efforts to balance public expectations with her desire for a personal and intimate farewell. It highlights her decisions regarding the funeral arrangements, such as the choice of Arlington National Cemetery, the inclusion of an eternal flame, and the request for a closed casket. The paragraph also touches on the public's response to the funeral and the quarter of a million people who came to pay their respects.

30:06
🌊 The Final Resting Place and Legacy

The final paragraph reflects on the legacy of President Kennedy's assassination and the impact of the funeral industry's practices, as well as the personal grief of Jackie Kennedy. It describes the disposal of the original casket at sea, the settlement with the funeral home, and the eventual cremation and sea burial of John F. Kennedy Jr. The narrative concludes with a note of thanks to patrons for their support in researching and producing the video.

Mindmap
Keywords
πŸ’‘Assassination of John F. Kennedy
The assassination of John F. Kennedy refers to the murder of the 35th President of the United States on November 22, 1963, in Dallas, Texas. This event is central to the video's theme, as it explores the aftermath of the assassination, including the reconstruction of Kennedy's body and the impact on the American funeral industry. The script mentions the shooting incident and the subsequent chaos, highlighting the historical significance of this tragic event.
πŸ’‘Lee Harvey Oswald
Lee Harvey Oswald is identified in the script as the prime suspect in the assassination of President Kennedy. He was a former U.S. Marine who allegedly fired the shots from the Texas School Book Depository building. His actions and the subsequent investigation into his motives are integral to understanding the conspiracy theories and the public's reaction to the assassination.
πŸ’‘Texas School Book Depository
The Texas School Book Depository is the building from which Lee Harvey Oswald is believed to have shot President Kennedy. The script describes how Oswald used the sixth-floor window to set up a sniper's nest, emphasizing the strategic location that allowed him to target the president's motorcade as it passed through Dealey Plaza.
πŸ’‘Jackie Kennedy
Jacqueline 'Jackie' Kennedy, the wife of President John F. Kennedy, is a central figure in the video. Her actions and decisions following the assassination, such as her refusal to leave her husband's side and her insistence on being present during his autopsy, are highlighted in the script. Jackie's role in the video underscores the personal and emotional aspects of the tragedy.
πŸ’‘Parkland Memorial Hospital
Parkland Memorial Hospital is where President Kennedy was taken immediately after being shot. The script details the chaotic scene at the hospital, where Kennedy was declared dead. This location is significant as it marks the end of the president's life and the beginning of the complex process of handling his death and legacy.
πŸ’‘Funeral Industry
The funeral industry is a key concept in the video, particularly in relation to the changes it underwent following the publication of Jessica Mitford's 'The American Way of Death' and the Kennedy assassination. The script discusses the criticism of the industry's practices and the impact of these criticisms on the handling of Kennedy's funeral, reflecting a broader societal shift in attitudes towards death and mourning.
πŸ’‘Jessica Mitford
Jessica Mitford was an author whose book 'The American Way of Death' critiqued the American funeral industry. The script mentions her influence on the Kennedy family's decisions regarding the president's funeral, particularly Jackie and Robert Kennedy's desire for a simpler, less commercialized funeral. Mitford's work is a significant factor in the video's exploration of death rituals and the funeral industry.
πŸ’‘Casket
The casket is a recurring symbol in the video, representing both the physical reality of death and the cultural practices surrounding it. The script describes the difficulties in handling Kennedy's casket, from its initial choice to its eventual disposal. The casket's journey illustrates the challenges and controversies faced in managing a high-profile death.
πŸ’‘Autopsy
The autopsy is a critical procedure mentioned in the script, conducted to determine the cause of President Kennedy's death. It is significant as it is part of the legal and medical process following a high-profile death, and it also becomes a point of contention between the Kennedy family and the Dallas medical examiner, Dr. Earl Rose.
πŸ’‘Eternal Flame
The eternal flame is a symbol used in the video to represent the lasting memory and legacy of President Kennedy. The script describes Jackie Kennedy's choice to have an eternal flame placed at Kennedy's grave, signifying her desire to honor his memory in a personal and enduring way.
πŸ’‘State Funeral
A state funeral is a public ceremony conducted for a person of national significance, in this case, President Kennedy. The script explores the tension between the public's desire to pay respects and the Kennedy family's wishes for a more private and intimate ceremony. The state funeral is a key element in the video's discussion of public mourning and the role of rituals in honoring the deceased.
Highlights

The pursuit of peace is not as dramatic as the pursuit of war.

The video focuses on the aftermath of JFK's assassination, including the reconstruction of his body and the impact on the American funeral industry.

Lee Harvey Oswald concealed himself on the sixth floor of the Texas School Book Depository building to assassinate President Kennedy.

President Kennedy was in Dallas as part of a campaign tour for his re-election.

The route of the motorcade was published a day before, attracting both supporters and critics of Kennedy.

Two bullets hit President Kennedy, one in the throat and the other in the back of his head.

Jackie Kennedy exhibited an obstinate protectiveness over her husband's body, refusing to leave his side.

Jackie insisted on being present when Kennedy died, despite hospital policy.

The choice of the Elgin Casket Company's Handley Brittania casket was a poor one for transport, being over 400 pounds of solid bronze.

Jackie placed her wedding ring on Kennedy's finger as a final gesture before his body was moved.

Dr. Earl Rose, the Dallas county medical examiner, insisted on an autopsy in Dallas, causing a standoff with the Secret Service.

Jackie and Kennedy's people were determined to take Kennedy's body back to Washington, despite legal challenges.

The casket was loaded onto Air Force One in a difficult and damaging manner due to its weight and the lack of proper equipment.

Jackie insisted on an ambulance, not a hearse, to transport Kennedy's remains to Bethesda Naval Hospital.

Jackie and Robert Kennedy decided against an open casket, despite pressure from others who believed the public should see the president.

The autopsy and embalming process was complex, with efforts to reconstruct Kennedy's shattered skull and restore his appearance.

Jackie wanted a simple and intimate funeral, reflecting her personal grief rather than a grand public spectacle.

The original casket used for Kennedy was eventually destroyed at sea, reflecting the changing attitudes towards funerals and death.

Transcripts
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