SPI Board Review

Ultrasound Board Review

20 Aug 202211:43

EducationalLearning

32 Likes 10 Comments

TLDRThis video script offers a comprehensive review for the SPI board, focusing on ultrasound imaging techniques. It covers the optimal angle for 2D imaging, explains dropout scenarios with broken crystals, and converts measurements. The script delves into triplex imaging, specificity calculations, and various image adjustments like spectral gains and color bleeding. It also discusses the advantages of continuous wave and pulse wave Doppler, and how to address issues like reverberation and spectral broadening. The presenter provides contact information for further inquiries and study materials, emphasizing the importance of preparation for the SPI board.

Takeaways

📚 The best angle for 2D imaging is 90 degrees, as stated in the script.
🔍 If a transducer is facing right and a crystal is broken, the dropout will be no steering or focusing.
📏 Converting 46 millimeters to centimeters moves the decimal point one place to the left, making it 4.6 centimeters.
🌈 The image demonstrates triplex imaging, which includes grayscale, spectral Doppler, and color Doppler.
🔄 The change from image A to image B is due to a change in the map setting.
📈 Specificity is calculated as true positives over the sum of true positives and false positives, with the example given being 49 divided by 49 plus 45.
🛠 To fix an image with spectral broadening, decrease spectral gains or adjust the spectral volume size and cursor placement.
🚫 The action of adducting the arm towards the body is more likely to cause injury.
🌈 To fix color bleeding in an image, decrease the color gain.
🚦 Continuous wave Doppler has the advantage of simultaneous transmit and receive, while pulse wave Doppler offers true duplex capabilities.
🌐 Spatial compounding is the method to eliminate edge shadowing in imaging.
⏲ Adding a focal zone compromises temporal resolution in imaging.
🔧 Increasing the wall filter can create a gap near the baseline, which is one way image B might differ from image A.
🔄 To correct for reverberation, changing the transducer angle can help.
🔎 Reducing the sample volume size can help to reduce or eliminate spectral broadening.
🔽 Decreasing the overall gain can help to fix an image with too much noise.
🔄 Decreasing the wall filter can fill in gaps near the baseline in an image.
🔁 Decreasing the sweep speed can affect how an image looks, as it provides more waveforms.
🔄 Turning the color gain down too low can cause an image to appear different, with less color speckled noise.
📉 Increasing the wall filter too high can create gaps in the image that need to be filled in to correct the image.

Q & A

What is the best angle for 2D imaging according to the video?
-The best angle for 2D imaging is 90 degrees, as mentioned in the video.
What dropout will occur when a face to right transducer is used on a broken crystal?
-There will be no steering or focusing when a face to right transducer is used on a broken crystal.
How should you convert 46 millimeters to centimeters?
-To convert 46 millimeters to centimeters, move the decimal point one place to the left, resulting in 4.6 centimeters.
What type of imaging does the video describe as including grayscale, spectral Doppler, and color Doppler?
-The video describes this as triplex imaging.
What change in the settings caused image B to look different from image A?
-Image B looks different from image A due to a change in the map settings.
What is the formula for calculating specificity in the context of the video?
-The formula for calculating specificity in the video is 49 divided by 49 plus 45.
How can you fix an image with spectral broadening?
-To fix an image with spectral broadening, you can decrease spectral gains, reduce the sample volume size, or place the cursor in the middle of the vessel.
What is the advantage of continuous wave Doppler over pulse wave Doppler?
-The advantage of continuous wave Doppler is that it allows for transmit and receiving, which is not possible with pulse wave Doppler.
What is the advantage of pulse wave Doppler over continuous wave Doppler?
-The advantage of pulse wave Doppler is that it provides true duplex capabilities, which is not available with continuous wave Doppler.
What technique eliminates ed shadowing in ultrasound imaging?
-Spatial compounding is the technique that eliminates ed shadowing in ultrasound imaging.
What aspect of resolution is compromised when you add a focal zone?
-Adding a focal zone compromises the temporal resolution of the ultrasound imaging.
How can you fix an image that has a gap near the baseline due to an increased wall filter?
-To fix an image with a gap near the baseline caused by an increased wall filter, you should decrease the wall filter.
What change in the settings made image A look like image B in terms of reverberation?
-Image A looks like image B due to a change in the transducer angle to eliminate reverberation.
How can you reduce or eliminate spectral broadening in an image?
-To reduce or eliminate spectral broadening, you can reduce the sample volume size or decrease the overall gain.
What setting change caused image A to have color speckled noise?
-The color speckled noise in image A is due to the color gain being turned down too low.
How can you fix an image with a gap near the baseline when the wall filter is decreased?
-To fix an image with a gap near the baseline caused by a decreased wall filter, you should increase the wall filter.
What setting change made image A look like image B in terms of sweep speed?
-Image A looks like image B due to a decrease in sweep speed.
What change in the settings made image A look like image B in terms of color gain and operating frequency?
-Image A looks like image B because the color gain was turned down too low, not because of the operating frequency.
How can you increase the amplitude in a Doppler waveform?
-You can increase the amplitude in a Doppler waveform by having more red blood cells.
How can you contact the presenter for questions or tutoring?
-You can contact the presenter at ultrasoundboardview@gmail.com or call 435-922-1635 for questions or tutoring.
Where can I find extra study material for the ultrasound board review?
-Extra study material can be found by searching 'ultrasound board review' on Google, clicking on 'Ultrasound Board Review', then on 'The Enter Pass Zone', and following the instructions to subscribe on ultrasoundboardview.com.

Outlines

00:00

🔍 Ultrasound Imaging Techniques and Troubleshooting

This paragraph delves into various ultrasound imaging techniques and common issues faced during the procedure. It begins with a question on the optimal angle for 2D imaging, which is answered as 90 degrees. It then discusses scenarios involving a broken crystal and face-to-right transducer, leading to a loss of steering or focusing capabilities. The conversion of measurements from millimeters to centimeters is also explained. The paragraph further explores different imaging modalities, such as triplex imaging, which combines grayscale, spectral, and color Doppler. It also addresses image manipulation, such as adjusting the map, baseline, scale, and other settings to improve image quality. Additionally, it touches on the specificity of ultrasound imaging, the impact of body movements on scanning, and methods to fix color bleeding and spectral broadening in images.

05:06

🛠 Advanced Ultrasound Image Adjustments and Resolution

The second paragraph focuses on advanced techniques for adjusting ultrasound images and understanding resolution. It starts with a discussion on true duplex and the benefits of spatial compounding in eliminating edge shadowing. The paragraph then explains how adding a focal zone can compromise temporal resolution. Various adjustments that affect image quality, such as compression, gains, wall filter, and reject settings, are explored. The summary also covers how changes in these settings can lead to different image appearances and how to rectify common issues like spectral broadening by adjusting sample volume size or overall gain. The paragraph concludes with strategies for fixing images affected by color gain, wall filter settings, and sweep speed.

10:08

📞 Contact and Resources for Ultrasound Board Review

The final paragraph provides contact information and resources for those preparing for their ultrasound board exams. It invites viewers to reach out via email or phone for any questions regarding the upcoming exams. It also guides viewers on how to access additional study materials by searching for 'ultrasound board review' on Google, visiting the 'enter pass zone', and subscribing to SPI ultrasound physics mock exams on the website 'ultrasoundboardview.com'. The paragraph further offers one-on-one SPI tutoring services and ends with a thank you note from Jim, the host of 'ultrasoundborder.com', promising to see viewers in the next session.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡2D Imaging

2D Imaging refers to the process of capturing and displaying images in two dimensions. In the context of the video, it is a fundamental concept in ultrasound imaging, where the best angle for 2D imaging is discussed as being 90 degrees. This angle provides a clear cross-sectional view of the structure being imaged, which is crucial for diagnostic purposes.

💡Transducer

A transducer in the video script refers to the device used to generate and detect ultrasound waves. It plays a critical role in ultrasound imaging by sending out sound waves into the body and receiving the echoes to create an image. The script mentions a scenario with a 'face to right transducer' which affects the type of dropout that occurs.

💡Dropout

In the script, dropout refers to the loss of image or signal in an ultrasound scan. It can occur due to various reasons, such as the angle of the transducer or the properties of the tissue being scanned. The script specifically asks about the type of dropout that would occur with a broken crystal and a face to right transducer, with the answer being 'no steering or focusing'.

💡Triplex Imaging

Triplex Imaging is a term used to describe an ultrasound technique that combines three types of imaging: grayscale, spectral Doppler, and color Doppler. It provides a comprehensive view of blood flow and tissue characteristics. The script mentions an image that demonstrates triplex imaging, indicating the use of this advanced technique in the context of the discussion.

💡Specificity

Specificity in the context of the video refers to a statistical measure used in diagnostic tests to determine the proportion of true negatives that are correctly identified by the test. It is calculated as the number of true negatives divided by the sum of true negatives and false positives. The script provides an example calculation for specificity, which is essential for understanding the accuracy of medical tests.

💡Spectral Broadening

Spectral broadening is a term used in Doppler ultrasound to describe the spreading of the frequency spectrum of the reflected waves. It is an indicator of turbulent blood flow. The script mentions decreasing spectral gains to eliminate spectral broadening, which is a technique to improve the clarity of the Doppler signal.

💡Color Bleeding

Color bleeding in ultrasound imaging refers to the spillover of color from one area to another, which can make the image less clear. It is often caused by the gain settings being too high. The script suggests decreasing color gain as a method to fix color bleeding, which helps to maintain the accuracy of the color Doppler image.

💡Continuous Wave Doppler

Continuous Wave Doppler is a mode of Doppler ultrasound that uses a continuous emission of ultrasound waves to measure blood flow. The script highlights its advantage as being able to transmit and receive signals continuously, which allows for the detection of high-velocity血流 without aliasing.

💡Pulse Wave Doppler

Pulse Wave Doppler is another mode of Doppler ultrasound that uses short bursts or pulses of ultrasound waves. It is mentioned in the script as having the advantage of 'true duplex,' meaning it can simultaneously perform Doppler and B-mode imaging, providing a more comprehensive assessment of blood flow and tissue.

💡Spatial Compounding

Spatial Compounding is a technique used in ultrasound imaging to reduce artifacts such as side lobe artifacts and enhance image quality. The script mentions that spatial compounding eliminates 'ed shadowing,' which refers to the shadowing effect caused by strong reflectors in the ultrasound path.

💡Focal Zone

A focal zone in ultrasound imaging is the area where the ultrasound beam is focused to achieve the highest resolution. The script discusses how adding a focal zone can compromise temporal resolution, which is the clarity of the image over time, particularly important in dynamic imaging.

💡Sample Volume

Sample volume in Doppler ultrasound refers to the specific volume of blood flow that is being analyzed. The script mentions reducing the sample volume size to reduce or eliminate spectral broadening, which is a technique to improve the accuracy of the Doppler assessment by focusing on a smaller area of flow.

💡Wall Filter

The wall filter in ultrasound imaging is used to eliminate low-frequency noise from the image, typically from the vessel walls. The script discusses increasing and decreasing the wall filter to manipulate the image, such as creating a gap near the baseline or filling in an area near the baseline.

💡PRF (Pulse Repetition Frequency)

PRF in Doppler ultrasound is the rate at which pulses of ultrasound are emitted by the transducer. The script mentions decreasing PRF as a method to fix an image, which can affect the range and the clarity of the Doppler signal, particularly in the presence of color speckled noise.

💡Sweep Speed

Sweep speed in ultrasound imaging refers to the rate at which the image is updated or refreshed. The script mentions decreasing sweep speed to make image A look like image B, which can affect the temporal resolution and the ability to visualize fast-moving structures or blood flow.

💡Nyquist Limit

The Nyquist limit or the Nyquist frequency is a concept in signal processing that defines the maximum unambiguous velocity that can be measured with Doppler ultrasound. The script mentions decreasing the Nyquist limit as a factor that could change the appearance of an image, affecting the ability to accurately measure high-velocity血流.

Highlights

Best angle for 2D imaging is 90 degrees.

With a broken crystal and face to right transducer, there will be no steering or focusing.

46 millimeters is approximately four centimeters when converted to centimeters.

Triplex imaging includes grayscale, spectral Doppler, and color Doppler.

Change in MAP affects the appearance of ultrasound images.

Specificity is calculated as 49 divided by 49 plus 45.

Decreasing spectral gains can fix spectral broadening in images.

Abducting the arm away from the body impacts the body more and can cause injury.

To fix color bleeding, decrease color gain.

Continuous wave Doppler has the advantage of transmit and receiving.

Pulse wave Doppler offers the advantage of true duplex.

Spatial compounding eliminates edge shadowing in ultrasound imaging.

Adding a focal zone compromises temporal resolution.

Increasing wall filter creates a gap near the baseline in images.

Reducing the number of focal zones or gains can change image appearance.

To fix reverberation, reduce sample volume size or align the cursor parallel to the vessel.

Decreasing overall gain can help fix certain image issues.

Decreasing color gain can eliminate color speckled noise in images.

Decreasing wall filter can fill in gaps near the baseline in images.

Decreasing sweep speed can affect the appearance of Doppler images.

Turning down color gain too low can affect the appearance of Doppler images.

Increasing the number of red blood cells can increase the amplitude in Doppler images.

Transcripts

Browse More Related Video

Ultrasound Physics

Ultrasound Physics Registry Review

SPI Review

Continuous vs Pulsed Wave Doppler Ultrasound | Ultrasound Course | Radiology Physics Course #21

Ultrasound Physics

SPI Board Review

Takeaways

Q & A

What is the best angle for 2D imaging according to the video?

What dropout will occur when a face to right transducer is used on a broken crystal?

How should you convert 46 millimeters to centimeters?

What type of imaging does the video describe as including grayscale, spectral Doppler, and color Doppler?

What change in the settings caused image B to look different from image A?

What is the formula for calculating specificity in the context of the video?

How can you fix an image with spectral broadening?

What is the advantage of continuous wave Doppler over pulse wave Doppler?

What is the advantage of pulse wave Doppler over continuous wave Doppler?

What technique eliminates ed shadowing in ultrasound imaging?

What aspect of resolution is compromised when you add a focal zone?

How can you fix an image that has a gap near the baseline due to an increased wall filter?

What change in the settings made image A look like image B in terms of reverberation?

How can you reduce or eliminate spectral broadening in an image?

What setting change caused image A to have color speckled noise?

How can you fix an image with a gap near the baseline when the wall filter is decreased?

What setting change made image A look like image B in terms of sweep speed?

What change in the settings made image A look like image B in terms of color gain and operating frequency?

How can you increase the amplitude in a Doppler waveform?

How can you contact the presenter for questions or tutoring?

Where can I find extra study material for the ultrasound board review?