Mountains (Full Episode) | Hostile Planet

National Geographic
14 Dec 202047:22
EducationalLearning
32 Likes 10 Comments

TLDRThe script narrates the struggles and resilience of mountain animals adapting to a changing climate. From the snow leopard's desperate hunt in the Himalayas to the barnacle geese's treacherous journey and the Gelada monkeys' battle for survival, the video showcases the harsh realities and remarkable adaptability of these creatures. It highlights the impact of global warming on their habitats and the dramatic consequences of even small climatic changes on their lives, while also celebrating their tenacity and the hope they represent for the future.

Takeaways
  • πŸ”οΈ Mountain environments are extremely harsh and are becoming more challenging for wildlife due to global warming.
  • ❄️ The Arctic Circle is warming faster than other regions, affecting the breeding and migration patterns of species like barnacle geese.
  • πŸ‘£ Mountain animals face intense competition for food and must navigate unpredictable weather conditions to survive.
  • 🐾 Snow leopards struggle with the changing climate, needing to patrol vast territories to find scarce prey due to rising temperatures.
  • 🐏 The survival of barnacle geese chicks is tied to their parents' ability to lead them to food sources far from their nests on precarious perches.
  • 🌍 The script illustrates how climate change affects mountain life across different continents, from the Himalayas to Africa.
  • πŸ₯΅ Rising temperatures in Africa are pushing Gelada monkeys to higher altitudes in search of food, intensifying competition and conflict.
  • 🌑️ The hottest summer on record poses a significant threat to mountain goats, who must navigate treacherous terrain for essential nutrients.
  • πŸ† Snow leopards rely on stealth and agility to hunt, but warmer temperatures and deep snow make it harder for them to find and catch prey.
  • ❄️ Winter storms and heavy snowfall create extreme conditions for animals, with some, like golden eagles, using these conditions to their advantage.
  • πŸ¦… Golden eagles demonstrate remarkable resilience and adaptability, using their keen senses and speed to find and defend food in harsh winters.
Q & A
  • What is the main challenge faced by the snow leopard in the video?

    -The main challenge faced by the snow leopard is the scarcity of food due to the harsh mountain environment and the effects of global warming, which has made life even tougher for these animals.

  • Why is the early arrival of spring bad news for the barnacle geese in the Arctic Circle?

    -The early arrival of spring is bad news for the barnacle geese because it leads to many nests failing. The geese are forced to migrate earlier, which exhausts them and puts their chicks at risk of starvation if they don't feed within 36 hours.

  • Why did the parents of the barnacle geese choose to nest on a 400-foot pinnacle?

    -The parents chose to nest on a 400-foot pinnacle as it is the only way to evade predators, providing a safer environment for their chicks.

  • What percentage of chicks hatched on these cliffs typically make it through the first month?

    -Only around 50% of chicks hatched on these cliffs make it through the first month, highlighting the harsh and challenging conditions they face.

  • How does the warming climate affect the snow leopard's hunting?

    -The warming climate affects the snow leopard's hunting by causing them to overheat, making it difficult for them to chase and catch prey. Additionally, the warmer temperatures lead to less snow cover, reducing the effectiveness of their camouflage.

  • What is the Gelada monkey's main source of food?

    -The Gelada monkey's main source of food is grass, which they consume almost exclusively.

  • Why do the Gelada monkeys have to climb higher as temperatures rise?

    -The Gelada monkeys have to climb higher as temperatures rise because their food source, grass, is retreating to higher altitudes due to the warming climate.

  • What is the significance of the salt lick for the mountain goats?

    -The salt lick is significant for the mountain goats as it provides them with sodium, an essential mineral that is lacking in their mountain diet.

  • How does the jet stream affect the weather conditions in the mountains?

    -The jet stream, which flows around the North Pole, can bring extreme weather conditions to the mountains. As the upper atmosphere warms, it slows the jet stream, allowing cold Arctic air to escape and form mega storms that can freeze everything in their path.

  • What advantage does the golden eagle have in the harsh alpine winter?

    -The golden eagle has a special sensory organ that detects changes in air pressure, allowing it to locate air currents rising off ridges. This, combined with its large wingspan and ability to dive at high speeds, enables it to endure and even take advantage of the brutal alpine winter conditions.

  • What is the survival rate of young golden eagles reaching maturity?

    -The survival rate of young golden eagles reaching maturity is quite low, with only a quarter of them surviving to maturity.

Outlines
00:00
πŸ† Struggle for Survival in the Mountains

The script opens with a snow leopard struggling to find food in the harsh mountain environment. It's a depiction of the extreme conditions at high altitudes, where animals face intense competition and unpredictable weather. The early arrival of spring in the Arctic Circle poses a challenge to barnacle geese, with many nests failing. However, one family of geese manages to survive, although they must now deal with the challenge of feeding their chicks on a grassy area a mile away from their nest, atop a precarious 400-foot pinnacle.

05:00
🐦 The Perilous Journey of Barnacle Geese Chicks

This paragraph details the desperate situation of barnacle geese chicks who must feed within 36 hours of hatching or face starvation. The chicks are unable to fly for a month, and their parents have chosen a nest on a high cliff to avoid predators, but this means a dangerous journey to reach food. The first chick falls and doesn't survive, but the third chick manages to make the perilous leap, cushioned by the snow, although it's left stunned and exposed.

10:03
🌍 Climate Change Impact on Mountain Wildlife

The script discusses the broader impact of climate change on mountain ecosystems worldwide. It highlights how the warming temperatures are causing seasons to become unpredictable, affecting the survival rates of chicks hatched on cliffs. The narrative shifts to a snow leopard in the Himalayas, which is also struggling due to the rising temperatures. The leopard must patrol a vast territory to find enough food, and the scarcity of prey is pushing it to the brink of starvation.

15:03
πŸ’ The Gelada Monkeys' Battle for Resources

The paragraph describes an army of Gelada monkeys in Africa that must climb higher in the mountains to find grass, their primary food source. As the number of monkeys increases, competition becomes fierce, especially for an old male who must defend his family from challengers. The male猴s must prove his strength in a relentless cycle of moving, feeding, and fighting, all while the climate warms and the grass retreats to higher altitudes.

20:07
🐐 Mountain Goats' Dangerous Quest for Salt

This section tells the story of mountain goats that must descend into the valley to reach a salt lick, an essential mineral for their diet. The journey is fraught with danger, especially for a young kid, as they have to cross swollen rivers due to record-breaking summer heat and heavy snowmelt. The script emphasizes the risks these animals take to fulfill their dietary needs.

25:20
❄️ Winter Challenges for Mountain Animals

The script shifts to winter, where animals face new challenges. Heavy snow forces ibex down from the ridges into the valley, making them vulnerable to predators like the snow leopard, which relies on stealth to hunt. The leopard's visibility is compromised by the white snow, and its energy is wasted as it fails to catch its prey. The paragraph also discusses how the jet stream's slowing due to a warming atmosphere leads to mega storms that threaten the survival of even the toughest animals.

30:38
πŸ¦… Golden Eagles' Adaptation to Harsh Winters

Golden eagles are highlighted as successful inhabitants of mountain ranges, using the brutal winter conditions to their advantage. The female eagle is described as having a special sensory organ that detects changes in air pressure, allowing her to locate air currents for flight. With a seven-foot wingspan, she can reach great heights and dive at incredible speeds, making her one of the fastest animals on the planet.

35:40
🐦 The Struggle for Food Among Golden Eagles

The paragraph describes the challenges golden eagles face in finding and securing food during winter. They are often forced to scavenge, and a carcass can attract competition. The script details a confrontation between a male and a female eagle over a carcass, highlighting the intensity and danger of such encounters, as well as the eagles' powerful talons and the potential for deadly fights.

40:48
πŸ† The Resilience of the Snow Leopard

The script concludes with the story of a snow leopard that, despite being badly injured after a successful hunt, manages to recover within just a few days and is seen hunting again. This showcases the incredible resilience of mountain animals and their ability to survive in extreme conditions.

45:54
🌏 The Future Hope for Mountain Animals

The final paragraph reflects on the ability of mountain animals to triumph in their harsh environments, finding shelter, food, and companionship. It emphasizes that snow leopards are still breeding in the Himalayas, serving as a testament to their adaptability in a changing world, and that their offspring represent hope for the future.

Mindmap
Keywords
πŸ’‘Snow Leopard
The snow leopard is a large cat species native to the mountain ranges of Central and South Asia. Known for its thick fur and adaptability to cold temperatures, it is a key symbol in the video for the challenges faced by mountain animals due to climate change. In the script, the snow leopard is depicted as struggling to find food in the warming temperatures, highlighting the impact of global warming on its survival.
πŸ’‘Mountain Environment
The mountain environment is characterized by its harsh conditions, including cold temperatures, desolation, and difficulty in breathing at high altitudes. The video emphasizes the hostility of these environments and how they are becoming even more challenging for wildlife due to global temperature rises. The script describes various mountain species and their struggles to adapt and survive in these conditions.
πŸ’‘Global Warming
Global warming refers to the long-term increase in Earth's average surface temperature due to human activities, primarily the emission of greenhouse gases. The video script illustrates the consequences of global warming, such as early spring affecting the breeding patterns of barnacle geese and the snow leopard's difficulty in finding prey due to warmer temperatures.
πŸ’‘Barnacle Geese
Barnacle geese are migratory birds that breed in the Arctic and are mentioned in the script as being negatively impacted by the rapid warming of the Arctic Circle. The early arrival of spring leads to failed nests and challenges in feeding their young, as they must travel a mile away from their nests to find food, which is a perilous journey for the chicks.
πŸ’‘Adaptability
Adaptability in the context of the video refers to the ability of animals to adjust to changing environmental conditions. The script showcases various animals, such as the barnacle geese and the snow leopard, and their struggles to adapt to the effects of global warming. The adaptability of these animals is crucial for their survival in the harsh mountain environments.
πŸ’‘Himalayas
The Himalayas is a vast mountain range in Asia, home to a diverse range of flora and fauna, including the snow leopard. The script uses the Himalayas as a backdrop to illustrate the challenges faced by mountain animals due to climate change. The snow leopard's struggle and eventual success in hunting, despite injuries, exemplify the resilience of mountain animals in this region.
πŸ’‘Golden Eagles
Golden eagles are large birds of prey known for their impressive hunting skills and ability to thrive in various environments, including mountains. The video script highlights the golden eagle's adaptability to harsh winter conditions, using air currents to soar and dive at high speeds to catch prey or scavenge for food, which is a testament to their survival skills in extreme environments.
πŸ’‘Avalanches
An avalanche is a rapid flow of snow down a slope, which can be triggered by various factors, including changes in weather patterns. The script describes how warming upper atmospheres are leading to more severe and erratic mountain winters, resulting in larger and more dangerous avalanches, posing a significant threat to mountain wildlife and ecosystems.
πŸ’‘Mountain Goats
Mountain goats are mammals well-adapted to living in rugged and mountainous terrain. The script mentions mountain goats seeking cooler temperatures on high ridges during mid-summer and having to descend into the valley to reach a salt lick, an essential mineral source. The journey is perilous, especially for the young, highlighting the challenges these animals face in their quest for survival.
πŸ’‘Ibex
Ibex are wild goats found in mountainous regions, known for their agility and ability to navigate steep and rocky terrain. In the script, ibex are mentioned as being forced down into the valley due to heavy snow on higher ridges. This change in their habitat makes them more visible and vulnerable to predators like the snow leopard, adding another layer of difficulty to their survival.
πŸ’‘Resilience
Resilience in the context of the video refers to the capacity of mountain animals to withstand or recover quickly from difficult conditions. The script showcases the resilience of various species, such as the snow leopard that recovers from a severe injury to hunt again, and the golden eagles that fight for survival despite harsh conditions, demonstrating the strength and adaptability of mountain wildlife.
Highlights

A snow leopard struggles to find food in a changing climate, highlighting the impact of global warming on mountain ecosystems.

Mountains are described as one of the most hostile environments on Earth, with life becoming increasingly difficult due to rising global temperatures.

Barnacle geese face challenges due to early spring, with parents losing significant body weight and chicks needing to feed within a critical time frame.

The dramatic and dangerous journey of barnacle geese chicks as they attempt to reach food sources far from their nests on precarious cliffs.

Only around 50% of chicks hatched on cliffs survive their first month, illustrating the harsh reality of life in mountainous regions.

Snow leopards are negatively affected by rising temperatures, which reduce their hunting efficiency and prey availability.

A Gelada monkey troop's struggle for survival as they are forced to climb higher due to rising temperatures and competition for limited food resources.

The intense battle for dominance among Gelada monkeys, with the alpha male needing to constantly defend his position against challengers.

Mountain goats undertake a perilous journey to reach a salt lick, essential for their diet, despite the risks posed by high water levels and extreme heat.

Ibex are forced to descend into valleys due to heavy snow, making them more vulnerable to predators like the snow leopard.

The jet stream's impact on weather patterns, leading to more severe storms and avalanches that threaten mountain wildlife.

Golden eagles' remarkable ability to adapt to harsh winter conditions, using air currents for efficient travel and hunting.

The fierce competition and deadly fights among golden eagles for scarce food resources during the winter.

A snow leopard's incredible recovery from a severe injury, showcasing the resilience and determination of mountain animals.

The continuation of snow leopard breeding in the Himalayas, offering hope for the future despite the challenges posed by climate change.

Mountain animals' incredible ability to find shelter, food, and companionship, demonstrating their capacity to succeed in a changing world.

Transcripts
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