Vaccination Schedule, Contraindications, and Family Teaching - Pediatric Nursing | @LevelUpRN

Level Up RN
20 Dec 202114:34
EducationalLearning
32 Likes 10 Comments

TLDRIn this informative video, Meris from Level Up RN discusses the pediatric vaccination schedule and key facts about immunizations. She highlights the importance of vaccines such as hepatitis B, DTaP, HIB, PCV, IPV, MMR, varicella, and seasonal influenza, noting their respective timelines and the reasons for their administration. Meris also addresses contraindications for live virus vaccines, emphasizing the need for caution in children under one year old, immunocompromised individuals, and pregnant patients. The video provides practical advice on pain management during vaccinations, the correct administration techniques, and the importance of thorough documentation. It concludes with insights on common side effects and the role of family education in understanding the purpose and benefits of vaccines, including the HPV vaccine's significance in cancer prevention.

Takeaways
  • 👶 The only vaccination given at birth is hepatitis B, which is also administered at two and six months of age for a complete series.
  • 💉 Starting at two months, infants begin receiving vaccines for diseases such as rotavirus, DTaP (for diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus), HIB, PCV (pneumococcal), and IPV (polio).
  • 🚫 Live virus vaccines like MMR (measles, mumps, and rubella) and varicella (chickenpox) are not given until at least 12 months of age due to contraindications for those under one year old.
  • 🌡️ Children can still receive vaccinations even if they have a low-grade fever or minor illnesses like a cough, cold, or ear infection.
  • 💧 The seasonal influenza vaccine should be given starting at six months of age, adjusted for the flu season, and annually thereafter.
  • 📅 At 11 to 12 years of age, children should receive the meningococcal vaccine, and again at 16 years of age due to increased social interactions and risks.
  • 🛡️ The HPV vaccine, which protects against human papillomavirus and related cancers, is recommended for children around 11 to 12 years old, ideally before their first sexual contact.
  • 🤔 Contraindications for certain vaccines include severe allergies to components like yeast (for Hepatitis B and HPV) and specific antibiotics (for polio, MMR, and varicella).
  • 👀 For infants under 12 months, vaccines should be administered in the vastus lateralis muscle in the thigh, not the deltoid muscle in the shoulder.
  • 📝 Proper documentation is crucial after vaccine administration, including vaccine type, date, manufacturer, lot number, route, dose, site, and the provider's information.
  • 👪 Families should be educated about common mild side effects post-vaccination, which are signs of the immune system responding, and advised on pain management without aspirin for children.
Q & A

  • What is the first vaccine given to a newborn according to the pediatric vaccination schedule?

    -The first vaccine given to a newborn is Hepatitis B, which is administered at birth.

  • At what age does the administration of the MMR and varicella vaccines begin?

    -The MMR and varicella vaccines, which are live virus vaccines, begin at 12 months of age.

  • Why are live virus vaccines not given to children less than one year of age?

    -Live virus vaccines are not given to children less than one year of age because their immune systems are not fully developed to handle live viruses.

  • When should the seasonal influenza vaccine be given?

    -The seasonal influenza vaccine should be given starting at six months of age, or whenever is appropriate based on the flu season.

  • What is the purpose of the HPV vaccine?

    -The HPV vaccine is designed to prevent the human papillomavirus, which is common and can lead to cancer.

  • What is a contraindication for receiving the Hepatitis B and HPV vaccines?

    -A contraindication for receiving the Hepatitis B and HPV vaccines is hypersensitivity to yeast.

  • Which muscle is used for administering intramuscular vaccines to infants less than 12 months old?

    -For infants less than 12 months old, the vastus lateralis in the thigh is used for administering intramuscular vaccines.

  • What is the term used to describe mild side effects following a vaccine?

    -The term used to describe mild side effects following a vaccine is reactogenicity.

  • What is the recommended pain reliever for children experiencing discomfort after receiving a vaccine?

    -The recommended pain reliever for children is acetaminophen, and ibuprofen is not given to children under six months.

  • What information should be documented following a vaccine administration?

    -Following a vaccine administration, documentation should include the vaccine type, date of administration, manufacturer, lot number, route, dose, site, name and title of the person who administered it, and the date on the Vaccine Information Statement (VIS) and when it was given to the parent or guardian.

  • Why is it important to administer the most painful vaccine last during a vaccination session?

    -Administering the most painful vaccine last is important to prevent the child from becoming overly distressed, which could make it more difficult to administer subsequent vaccines in the session.

  • What is the significance of the meningococcal vaccine for older children and teenagers?

    -The meningococcal vaccine is significant for older children and teenagers because it helps protect against meningitis, especially as they start engaging in behaviors like sharing drinks and kissing, which can increase the risk of transmission.

Outlines
00:00
📚 Introduction to Pediatric Vaccination

Meris from Level Up RN introduces the topic of pediatric vaccination schedules and the importance of immunizations. She encourages viewers to use the nursing flashcards available on their website for a visual guide to the schedule. The video provides a detailed look at the recommended vaccines for children under six years old, including hepatitis B, rotavirus, DTaP, HIB, PCV, IPV, MMR, varicella, and seasonal influenza. Meris also discusses the contraindications for live virus vaccines and the appropriate timing for various vaccinations based on age.

05:02
🚫 Contraindications and Precautions in Vaccination

The video continues with general and vaccine-specific contraindications for immunizations. Meris explains that severe allergic reactions to a vaccine are a contraindication, and live virus vaccines are not suitable for children under one year old, immunocompromised individuals, or pregnant patients. She also clarifies that children with minor illnesses or low-grade fevers can still receive vaccinations. Meris provides mnemonics to help remember certain contraindications, such as an allergy to yeast for Hepatitis B and HPV vaccines. Additionally, she emphasizes the importance of proper documentation after vaccine administration, including vaccine type, manufacturer, lot number, and administration details.

10:06
🤒 Post-Vaccination Care and Family Education

Meris discusses post-vaccination care, including pain management techniques like holding, swaddling, and breastfeeding for infants. She notes that for children under 12 months, the vastus lateralis muscle in the thigh should be used for injections, and the most painful vaccine should be administered last. The importance of documentation is reiterated, with specific details required after each vaccine administration. Family teaching is highlighted, emphasizing the common mild side effects of vaccines, which are a sign of a proper immune response. Meris advises giving non-aspirin pain relievers and acetaminophen for children, excluding ibuprofen for those under six months. The video concludes with a personal anecdote about Meris receiving the HPV vaccine and encourages viewers to engage with the channel.

Mindmap
Keywords
💡Pediatric Vaccination Schedule
The pediatric vaccination schedule is a set of guidelines that outline the specific vaccines and the ages at which they should be administered to children. It is a crucial part of preventive healthcare to protect children from various diseases. In the video, Meris discusses the schedule in detail, emphasizing the importance of timely vaccinations for children under six years old, including the hepatitis B vaccine at birth and subsequent doses, as well as other vaccines like DTaP, HIB, PCV, and IPV.
💡Immunizations
Immunizations refer to the process of becoming immune or protected against certain diseases through the administration of vaccines. They are a fundamental aspect of public health and are discussed by Meris as key to understanding the video's content. The video emphasizes the importance of immunizations in preventing diseases like hepatitis B, diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, and others.
💡Hepatitis B
Hepatitis B is a viral infection that attacks the liver and can cause both acute and chronic diseases. In the context of the video, it is the first vaccine given at birth and is part of a series that requires three doses for completion. Meris highlights the importance of the hepatitis B vaccine as a critical component of the pediatric vaccination schedule.
💡DTaP and Tdap
DTaP and Tdap are vaccines that protect against diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis (whooping cough). DTaP is the vaccine given to children under 11 years old, while Tdap is for older children and adults. Meris explains the difference in the 'D' and 'T' components and their relevance to the pediatric vaccination schedule.
💡Live Virus Vaccines
Live virus vaccines are made from weakened forms of live viruses and are used to provide immunity against diseases like measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella (chickenpox). Meris mentions that these vaccines are contraindicated for children under one year of age and for immunocompromised or pregnant patients, which is a critical consideration in vaccine administration.
💡Contraindications
Contraindications are conditions or factors that suggest a particular treatment or procedure should not be used. In the video, Meris discusses general and vaccine-specific contraindications, such as severe allergic reactions or the presence of certain illnesses, which are important for healthcare providers to consider before administering vaccines.
💡Seasonal Influenza Vaccine
The seasonal influenza vaccine, or flu shot, is designed to protect against the influenza virus and is recommended annually. Meris emphasizes that the vaccine should be given starting at six months of age, depending on the flu season, and is an important part of the vaccination schedule for both young children and older individuals.
💡Meningococcal Vaccine
The meningococcal vaccine protects against meningitis, a serious infection that affects the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. Meris discusses the importance of administering this vaccine to children at 11 to 12 years of age and again at 16 years, due to increased social interactions and risks during these periods.
💡HPV Vaccine
The HPV (human papillomavirus) vaccine is designed to protect against HPV, a common virus that can lead to various cancers. Meris shares her personal experience as one of the early recipients of the HPV vaccine and discusses its significance in cancer prevention, especially when administered before the onset of sexual activity.
💡Vaccine Administration
Vaccine administration involves the process of giving a vaccine to a patient. Meris covers the proper techniques, such as using the vastus lateralis muscle in the thigh for infants under 12 months due to the underdevelopment of the deltoid muscle, and the importance of administering the most painful vaccine last to minimize distress.
💡Documentation
Proper documentation is essential after vaccine administration to ensure a record of the vaccine type, date of administration, manufacturer, lot number, route, dose, site, and other relevant details. Meris stresses the importance of thorough documentation, including the date the Vaccine Information Statement (VIS) was given to the patient or guardian.
💡Family Teaching
Family teaching involves educating patients and their families about the vaccines they receive. Meris discusses the importance of informing families about common side effects, such as pain at the injection site, fever, or rash, and the appropriate management of these side effects, like using a cool, damp cloth or non-aspirin pain relievers.
Highlights

Pediatric vaccination schedules are crucial for protecting children's health against various diseases.

Hepatitis B is the only vaccine given at birth, followed by additional doses at two and six months.

DTaP vaccine is for children under 11 years old, while Tdap is for older children and adults.

Haemophilus influenzae type b (HIB) vaccine helps prevent a specific type of meningitis.

Pneumonia can be prevented in young children with the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV).

Live virus vaccines, such as MMR and varicella, are not given until a child is at least 12 months old.

Seasonal influenza vaccines should be given starting at six months of age, adjusted for flu season.

Meningococcal vaccine is administered at 11-12 years and again at 16 years to protect against meningitis.

The HPV vaccine, relatively new, targets a common virus that can lead to cancer and is recommended before first sexual contact.

Tdap vaccine is given to older children as part of their routine immunization schedule.

General contraindications for vaccinations include severe allergic reactions and conditions like immunosuppression or pregnancy.

Children with minor illnesses or low-grade fevers can still receive vaccinations according to current best practices.

Vaccine-specific contraindications, such as an allergy to yeast, are important to consider before administering certain vaccines.

For infants under 12 months, vaccines should be administered in the vastus lateralis muscle in the thigh due to underdeveloped deltoid muscle.

Pain management after vaccination can include physical comfort measures and the use of non-aspirin pain relievers.

Proper documentation is essential after vaccine administration, including vaccine type, manufacturer, lot number, and administration details.

Mild side effects after vaccination, such as pain, rash, or fever, are signs of a proper immune response and are normal.

For family teaching, it's important to inform about the possibility of mild side effects and the appropriate response.

The HPV vaccine's introduction was a significant moment in cancer prevention, and early adoption was encouraged despite initial controversy.

Transcripts

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