#40 LEARN FREE MUSIC THEORY

Andrew Furmanczyk

29 Nov 201040:43

EducationalLearning

32 Likes 10 Comments

TLDRThis music theory lesson covers different score types like condensed scores, open scores, chorale style, keyboard style, soprano-alto-tenor-bass (SATB), string quartet, and vocal scores. It explains the 4-part vocal hierarchy of soprano, alto, tenor, bass and how stem direction changes in condensed vs open scores. It discusses the advantages of condensed scores for single performers vs open scores for groups. It clarifies the differences between alto, tenor, and C clefs. It provides tips for transposing between condensed and expanded scores. Overall, it aims to help learn the various score types to better understand and perform multi-part music.

Takeaways

😀 There are different types of musical scores like grand staff, soprano/alto/tenor/bass, open scores, condensed scores etc.
👂 Memorize the order SATB for soprano, alto, tenor and bass voices.
🎹 Soprano and bass voices are the most important, like the meat and bun of a burger.
📝 Practice drawing the different clefs and score formats like string quartet, modern vocal and vocal with C clefs.
🎼 The soprano voice usually has the melody and is played by the most skilled musician.
😌 Alto and tenor voices fill out the harmony, like condiments on a burger.
⚖️ Open scores are better for groups, condensed scores for individuals.
❗Stem directions change in condensed scores to show different voices.
📉 The 8va sign lowers notes one octave in modern vocal scores.
🎵 Analyzing scores by voice type lets you hear pieces in a whole new way.

Q & A

What are the four main parts in four-part harmony?
-The four main parts in four-part harmony are soprano, alto, tenor, and bass (SATB).
What do the different directions of the stems indicate in chorale style scoring?
-In chorale style scoring, stems going up indicate the higher voice and stems going down indicate the lower voice when two voices share a staff.
Which is the most important voice in four-part harmony and why?
-The soprano is usually considered the most important voice in four-part harmony because it generally has the melody and the most interesting musical material.
What is the difference between an open score and a condensed score?
-An open score has each voice on its own dedicated staff, while a condensed score fits multiple voices together on the grand staff.
What clefs are used in a vocal score with C clefs?
-A vocal score with C clefs uses a soprano clef, an alto clef, a tenor clef, and a bass clef.
What does the 8 below the treble clef indicate in a modern vocal score?
-In a modern vocal score, the 8 below the treble clef indicates that the notes should be played an octave lower than written.
What instruments would typically play the four parts in a string quartet scoring?
-In a string quartet score, the parts are usually played by Violin I, Violin II, Viola, and Cello.
Which score type is better suited for a single performer versus a group?
-A condensed score is better suited for a single performer, while an open score works better for a group of performers.
What are the steps for expanding a condensed score into an open score?
-To expand a condensed score, assign each voice its own staff, copy the notes from the condensed score to the matching voice, and add proper stem directions, clefs, and bar lines.
What is the concertmaster's role in an orchestral string section?
-The concertmaster is the leader of the first violin section and plays any solo violin parts.

Outlines

00:00

🎵 Introducing the Lesson on Score Types

The instructor introduces lesson 40 on different types of musical scores. He explains they will learn about condensed versus open scores, chorus style versus keyboard style, and soprano/alto/tenor/bass parts.

05:03

🎹 Explaining Condensed Score

The instructor analyzes a condensed score, which crunches multiple parts into one grand staff. He explains how shared stems point up or down to distinguish voices, using an example from a Beethoven string quartet.

10:05

🎼 Discussing Open Score

The instructor explains an open score, where each part gets its own staff. He analyzes an open score for the same Beethoven excerpt, explaining clefs for different parts and how stem direction works.

15:07

💿 Explaining SATB Parts

The instructor explains the 4-part harmony of soprano, alto, tenor, bass. He gives mnemonics, explains their relative volumes, and compares them to a hamburger.

20:10

🎤 Two Other Score Types

The instructor quickly shows two other scores: vocal score with C clefs, and modern vocal score. He corrects his earlier mistake on alto/tenor clefs.

25:12

📝 Giving Homework

The instructor assigns homework: memorize SATB order, practice drawing different score types, transcribe condensed to open scores.

30:13

🎻 Clarifying String Quartet

The instructor clarifies that for a string quartet score, the alto voice uses a treble clef and the tenor voice uses the alto clef.

35:16

🎶 Signing Off

The instructor signs off, telling viewers he will see them in the next video.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡score

A score refers to the written musical notation used to represent a piece of music. Different types of scores are used to notate music for different purposes and ensembles. This video focuses on explaining different score types like condensed scores, open scores, vocal scores, and chorale scores. These allow music to be notated for solo piano, vocal groups, string quartets, and other ensembles. For example, a condensed score crunches everything into a small space for solo piano while an open score spreads it out across staves for an ensemble.

💡staves

Staves (or staffs) refer to the five line structures used in musical notation to represent pitch. Staves allow notes to be positioned on lines or spaces to indicate their pitch. Different clefs like treble, bass, alto, and tenor clefs assign pitches to the lines and spaces. Music scores use multiple staves to notate the different parts for various instruments and voices. For instance, a string quartet score has separate staves for violin 1, violin 2, viola, and cello parts.

💡clef

A clef is a symbol placed at the beginning of a music staff to assign pitches to the lines and spaces. Common clefs are treble, bass, alto, and tenor. The video explains how different clefs are used in various score types - treble and bass clefs in condensed scores, specific clefs for different parts in open scores. Knowing the clef indicates the pitch and range for that instrumental or vocal part.

💡key signature

The key signature indicates the key of a piece of music and consists of sharps or flats placed at the beginning of a staff. It shows which notes are to be played higher or lower throughout the piece. Key signatures are marked in all scores types discussed. They provide important context alongside the clef for determining pitches.

💡harmony

Harmony refers to notes that sound pleasant and complement each other when played together. Much Western music is based on four-part harmony - soprano, alto, tenor, bass. These four parts harmonize to produce chords. Chorale scores in particular notate four-part harmony with each vocal line on a separate staff.

💡chorale style

Chorale style refers to a type of musical score used for choral, vocal music or hymns, where each vocal part is written on a separate staff. This allows performers to easily read their individual part. Chorale scores contrast with keyboard scores where all parts are condensed onto grand staves. The video explains how chorale scores work and their advantage for ensembles.

💡stem direction

The stems on musical notes point either up or down relative to the middle line of the staff. Stem direction indicates which part notes belong to when multiple parts share a staff. In chorale scores, for example, upward stems indicate the soprano part while downward stems indicate the alto part sharing the same staff.

💡slur

A slur is a curved line used in musical notation to indicate notes that transition smoothly into one another, rather than being separate. Slurs show legato articulation and phrasing. In the different score types, slurs are positioned either above or below the staff to avoid collisions between parts sharing a staff.

💡bar line

The bar line is a vertical line drawn through the staff to mark off measures or bars. In scores, bar lines delineate measures and allow performers to follow the meter. In chorale scores, bar lines may break between staves to allow space for lyrics while in instrument scores they continue uninterrupted.

💡lyrics

Lyrics refer to the words of a song. In vocal music scores, lyrics are written under the staff to indicate what text is to be sung for each part. Chorale scores in particular leave space between staves for writing lyrics for each vocal part. Lyrics allow singers to clearly see what they are meant to sing.

Highlights

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Transcripts

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#31 LEARN FREE MUSIC THEORY