Nobel Minds 2018

Nobel Prize
29 Dec 201847:15
EducationalLearning
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TLDRAt the Nobel Prize ceremony in Stockholm, laureates share their experiences and discuss their groundbreaking contributions in science, economics, and medicine. Highlights include personal interactions with Swedish royalty, the impact of climate change economics, innovation's role in economic growth, and advancements in cancer treatment through immunotherapy. The laureates emphasize the importance of basic science and technological innovation while reflecting on their achievements and future goals. The event also touches on societal applications and the future of scientific research, inspiring the audience with their dedication and insights.

Takeaways
  • 🏆 Nobel Prize winners received their awards from the King of Sweden for their outstanding contributions to science and economics.
  • 👑 The event featured discussions with the Nobel laureates and was attended by their families, friends, and students from across Sweden.
  • 🎉 Highlights for laureates included conversations with the King of Sweden, Crown Princess Victoria, and experiencing Swedish hospitality.
  • 🌍 Economists William Nordhaus and Paul Romer discussed their work on climate change impacts and the role of innovation in economic growth.
  • 💡 Nordhaus emphasized the need for a carbon price to steer the economy towards sustainability, while Romer highlighted the importance of government policies in fostering technological innovation.
  • 🔬 Chemistry laureates Francis Arnold, George Smith, and Gregg Winter spoke about their work on enzymes and antibodies, which have applications in pharmaceuticals and renewable fuels.
  • 🧬 James Allison and Tasuku Honjo were awarded for their discoveries in cancer immunotherapy, which involve unleashing the body's immune system to attack cancer cells.
  • 🧪 Donna Strickland and Gérard Mourou's laser technology is used in millions of corrective eye surgeries and other medical applications.
  • 👩‍🔬 The laureates emphasized the importance of both basic and applied science, highlighting that fundamental research often leads to unexpected innovations.
  • 👩‍🎓 Discussions on gender bias in science noted that women are increasingly entering and excelling in scientific fields, with optimism for future recognition.
Q & A

  • Who hosted the Nobel Prize ceremony in Stockholm?

    -The ceremony was hosted by Zainab Byrd.

  • What was Professor Donna Strickland's highlight of the Nobel Prize week?

    -Professor Donna Strickland's highlight was sitting beside the King of Sweden at the banquet and having a great conversation with him.

  • What economic models did William Nordhaus and Paul Romer develop?

    -William Nordhaus developed tools to project the economic impacts of climate change, and Paul Romer explained how knowledge and ideas can drive long-term economic growth and why government policies are crucial for technological innovation.

  • What is Paul Romer's view on the role of innovation in economic growth?

    -Paul Romer believes that innovations, such as the discovery of electric light or antibiotics, significantly improve the quality of life and boost economic growth. He emphasizes that society needs to steer the direction of innovation towards beneficial outcomes.

  • What does William Nordhaus advocate for in addressing climate change?

    -William Nordhaus advocates for raising the price of CO2 emissions through mechanisms like carbon pricing to steer the economy away from fossil fuels and towards more sustainable practices.

  • What is the significance of Francis Arnold's work in chemistry?

    -Francis Arnold's work involves using evolution to develop new biological materials, such as enzymes, which are used in environmentally friendly manufacturing processes and the production of renewable fuels.

  • How did Jim Allison and Tasuku Honjo contribute to cancer treatment?

    -Jim Allison and Tasuku Honjo discovered how to unleash the body's immune system to attack cancer cells by identifying proteins that act as brakes on the immune system and developing methods to reverse these brakes.

  • What are optical tweezers, and who developed them?

    -Optical tweezers are precision tools that use laser beams to grab tiny living cells without harming them. They were developed by Arthur Ashkin.

  • What fundamental science breakthrough did Donna Strickland and Gerard Mourou achieve?

    -Donna Strickland and Gerard Mourou developed a technique for creating the highest intensity laser beams ever, which is now used in millions of corrective eye surgeries and various industrial and medical applications.

  • What implicit bias did Donna Strickland face during her education, and how has the perception of women in science changed?

    -Donna Strickland was told that science and math were 'boys' subjects,' reflecting an implicit bias. She believes that institutions are now starting to understand and address implicit bias, leading to more opportunities and recognition for women in science.

Outlines
00:00
🏆 Nobel Prize Celebrations and Personal Highlights

The paragraph introduces a gathering of Nobel laureates at the concert hall in Stockholm, where they received their awards from the King of Sweden. It highlights their contributions to science and economics, and mentions their first joint appearance on a TV discussion panel, 'Noble Minds.' The laureates share personal experiences from the award ceremony week, with Professor Donna Strickland recounting her memorable conversation with the King and the impact of her speech on the event's atmosphere.

05:01
🌟 Nobel Laureates Reflect on Their Achievements and Impact

This section delves into the laureates' reflections on their Nobel Prize experiences.

Mindmap
Keywords
💡Nobel Prize
The Nobel Prize is an international award given annually in several categories such as Physics, Chemistry, Medicine, Literature, Peace, and Economic Sciences. It recognizes outstanding contributions to humanity. In the video, the Nobel laureates discuss their achievements and experiences during the Nobel Prize week, highlighting its significance in acknowledging their groundbreaking work.
💡Innovation
Innovation refers to the introduction of new ideas, methods, or products. In the video, Paul Romer discusses how innovation drives economic growth and improves quality of life. The discussion emphasizes the importance of steering innovation towards beneficial outcomes, such as developing low-carbon energy technologies.
💡Climate Change
Climate change refers to long-term alterations in temperature and weather patterns, primarily due to human activities like burning fossil fuels. William Nordhaus's work focuses on the economic impacts of climate change and the development of tools to mitigate its effects. The conversation highlights the necessity of addressing climate change through economic policies like carbon pricing.
💡Economic Growth
Economic growth is the increase in the production of goods and services over time, leading to a higher standard of living. The video discusses how innovation and government policies contribute to long-term economic growth. Paul Romer's research shows how knowledge and ideas are engines of growth, while Nordhaus examines sustainable growth considering climate impacts.
💡Enzymes
Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in living organisms. Francis Arnold's work involves developing new enzymes through directed evolution, which has applications in producing renewable fuels and environmentally friendly pharmaceuticals. The video illustrates how these innovations contribute to greener solutions for global challenges.
💡T cells
T cells are a type of white blood cell crucial for the immune system. James Allison and Tasuku Honjo's research focused on how to unleash T cells to attack cancer cells by blocking proteins that act as brakes on the immune system. Their discoveries have led to significant advancements in cancer treatment, as discussed in the video.
💡Phage Display
Phage display is a laboratory technique used to study protein interactions by displaying proteins on the surface of bacteriophages. George Smith's work in this field led to the development of new molecules with desirable properties, including human antibodies for therapeutic use. The video highlights how phage display has contributed to advancements in treating autoimmune diseases and cancer.
💡Carbon Pricing
Carbon pricing is an economic tool used to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by assigning a cost to emitting carbon dioxide. William Nordhaus advocates for carbon pricing to steer the economy towards less carbon-intensive energy sources. The video discusses its implementation and potential challenges, emphasizing its role in mitigating climate change.
💡Immunotherapy
Immunotherapy is a type of cancer treatment that helps the immune system fight cancer. James Allison and Tasuku Honjo's discoveries in blocking immune system brakes have led to successful immunotherapies. The video features personal stories of patients who have benefited from these treatments, underscoring the impact of their research.
💡Directed Evolution
Directed evolution is a method used to engineer proteins or nucleic acids by mimicking the process of natural selection. Francis Arnold utilized directed evolution to create enzymes with improved or novel functions, leading to significant advancements in sustainable chemistry. The video explains how this technique helps develop solutions for renewable energy and pharmaceuticals.
Highlights

This year's Nobel Prize winners are recognized for their outstanding contributions to science and economics.

The Nobel laureates discuss their experiences and thoughts on Nobel Minds, a TV program.

Professor Donna Strickland shares her memorable experience sitting beside the King of Sweden.

Professor Francis Arnold highlights the importance of innovation and the role of government policies in fostering technological advances.

Jim Allison reflects on the emotional impact of receiving

Transcripts

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