Seizures - Pediatric Nursing - Nervous System Disorders | @LevelUpRN
TLDRIn this informative video by Cathy from Level Up RN, the topic of seizures is explored, with a focus on febrile seizures, which are the most common type in children. The video explains that seizures result from uncontrolled electrical discharges in the brain and can be caused by various factors, including fever, infections, head trauma, and electrolyte imbalances. Different types of seizures, such as tonic-clonic, absence, myoclonic, atonic, and status epilepticus, are described, highlighting their characteristics and phases. The importance of diagnosis through EEG and treatment with antiepileptic drugs is emphasized. Additionally, Cathy discusses nursing care during a seizure, including safety measures and post-seizure care. The video concludes with a quiz to test viewers' knowledge on the subject, encouraging engagement and retention of the material.
Takeaways
- 🧠 Seizures are uncontrolled electrical discharges of neurons in the brain, which can result from various causes such as disease, injury, or unknown origins.
- 💊 If a patient experiences two or more unprovoked seizures, they may be diagnosed with epilepsy.
- 🔥 Risk factors for seizures include fever (leading to febrile seizures in children), cerebral edema, infections like meningitis, toxin exposure, head trauma, hypoxia, electrolyte imbalances, brain tumors, and hypoglycemia.
- 📈 There are different types of seizures, including tonic-clonic, absence, myoclonic, atonic, and status epilepticus, each with distinct characteristics and symptoms.
- 🏥 Diagnosis of seizures is often done using an EEG (electroencephalogram) to monitor brain activity.
- 💊 Treatment for seizures may involve antiepileptic drugs such as valproic acid, carbamazepine, and phenytoin.
- 🛠️ In some cases, procedures like the implantation of a vagal nerve stimulator or a craniotomy to remove the seizure-causing brain tissue may be performed.
- 👩⚕️ During a seizure, it's crucial for nursing staff to ensure the patient's safety by lowering them to the floor, turning them on their side, loosening clothing, and not placing anything in their mouth or restraining them.
- ⌛️ After a seizure, it's important to check the patient's vital signs and neurological status, reorient them, and implement seizure precautions if necessary.
- 👶 Febrile seizures are the most common type of seizure in children, caused by a sudden increase in body temperature over 38 degrees Celsius.
- 🚑 Prolonged seizures that last more than five minutes or where consciousness isn't regained between seizures are considered status epilepticus and are a medical emergency.
- 📚 Education is key; families should be informed that if a child's seizure lasts more than five minutes, it's essential to call emergency services.
Q & A
What is the definition of a seizure?
-A seizure is the uncontrolled electrical discharge of neurons in the brain.
What condition is diagnosed if a patient has two or more unprovoked seizures?
-If a patient has two or more unprovoked seizures, they would be diagnosed with epilepsy.
What are some common risk factors associated with seizures?
-Risk factors for seizures include fever, cerebral edema, infections like meningitis, toxin exposure, head trauma, hypoxia, electrolyte imbalances, brain tumor, and hypoglycemia.
How many phases are there in a tonic-clonic seizure?
-There are three phases in a tonic-clonic seizure: the tonic episode, the clonic episode, and the postictal phase.
What is an absence seizure characterized by?
-An absence seizure is characterized by a loss of consciousness for a few seconds, blank staring, lip smacking, picking at clothes, and eye fluttering.
What is the medical term for a prolonged seizure lasting more than five minutes or failure to regain consciousness between seizures?
-A prolonged seizure lasting more than five minutes or failure to regain consciousness between seizures is called status epilepticus.
How can seizures be diagnosed?
-Diagnosis of seizures can be done with the help of an EEG (electroencephalogram).
What are some common antiepileptic medications used to treat seizures?
-Common antiepileptic medications include valproic acid, carbamazepine, and phenytoin.
What is a vagal nerve stimulator and how does it work?
-A vagal nerve stimulator is a device surgically implanted under the skin on the left side of the chest. It sends electrical pulses about every 5 seconds to the vagus nerve, which alters levels of neurotransmitters in the brain.
What should you do if a patient is standing or sitting during a seizure?
-If a patient is standing or sitting during a seizure, you should lower them to the floor or bed, turn them to their side, and loosen any restrictive clothing.
What is the most common form of seizures in children?
-The most common form of seizures in children is febrile seizures, which are caused by a sudden spike in body temperature over 38 degrees Celsius without an underlying seizure provoking disorder or cause.
What should be done if a child's seizure lasts more than five minutes?
-If a child's seizure lasts more than five minutes, indicating status epilepticus, the family should call 911 for emergency medical assistance.
Outlines
🧠 Understanding Seizures and Their Types
Cathy from Level Up RN introduces the topic of seizures, including febrile seizures, and emphasizes the importance of bold red text in their flashcards for key facts. She promises a quiz to test viewers' knowledge. Seizures are defined as uncontrolled electrical discharges of neurons in the brain and are diagnosed as epilepsy if a patient has two or more unprovoked seizures. Causes can range from diseases to injuries, leading to hyperexcitability of neurons. Risk factors are discussed, with a focus on febrile seizures in children due to fever. Different seizure types are outlined, such as tonic-clonic, absence, myoclonic, atonic, and status epilepticus. Diagnosis is typically done with an EEG, and treatment may involve antiepileptic drugs or procedures like vagal nerve stimulator implantation or craniotomy. Nursing care during a seizure is crucial, with guidelines provided for ensuring patient safety and comfort.
🤒 Febrile Seizures: The Most Common in Children
The second paragraph delves into febrile seizures, which are the most common type of seizure disorder in children and are caused by a sudden increase in body temperature above 38 degrees Celsius without an underlying cause. Risk factors, signs, and symptoms are discussed, with a focus on children aged six months to five years. The diagnosis process aims to rule out other causes like meningitis. Treatment is generally not required unless the seizure is prolonged, in which case antiepileptics and benzodiazepines may be used. Cathy advises families to call emergency services if a child's seizure lasts more than five minutes, indicating status epilepticus. The video concludes with a quiz called 'Name That Seizure,' where viewers are tested on their knowledge of different seizure types based on symptoms or facts provided. Cathy encourages viewers to engage with the content by liking, commenting, and subscribing for more nursing education content.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Seizures
💡Febrile Seizures
💡Epilepsy
💡Tonic Clonic Seizure
💡Absence Seizure
💡Myoclonic Seizure
💡Atonic Seizure
💡Status Epilepticus
💡EEG (Electroencephalogram)
💡Antiepileptic Medications
💡Vagal Nerve Stimulator
💡Craniotomy
Highlights
Seizures are the uncontrolled electrical discharge of neurons in the brain.
A diagnosis of epilepsy is given if a patient has two or more unprovoked seizures.
Risk factors for seizures include fever, cerebral edema, infections, toxin exposure, head trauma, hypoxia, electrolyte imbalances, brain tumor, and hypoglycemia.
Tonic clonic seizures consist of three phases: tonic episode, clonic episode, and postictal phase.
Absence seizures are characterized by brief loss of consciousness, resembling daydreaming, and may include blank staring and lip smacking.
Myoclonic seizures involve brief stiffening of the extremities.
Atonic seizures result in the loss of muscle tone, often causing the individual to fall.
Status epilepticus is a medical emergency characterized by a prolonged seizure lasting more than five minutes or a failure to regain consciousness between seizures.
Diagnosis of seizures can be aided by an EEG (electroencephalogram).
Treatment for seizures often involves antiepileptic or anticonvulsive agents, such as valproic acid, carbamazepine, and phenytoin.
Vagal nerve stimulator implantation and craniotomy are surgical procedures that can be used to treat seizures.
During a seizure, it is crucial not to place anything in the patient's mouth or restrain them, and to note the onset and duration of the seizure.
Febrile seizures are the most common form of seizures in children and are caused by a sudden increase in body temperature over 38 degrees Celsius.
Febrile seizures typically do not require treatment, but prolonged seizures may be treated with antiepileptics and benzodiazepines.
Education on what to do during a seizure, such as calling 911 if the seizure lasts more than five minutes, is important for families.
A quiz is provided at the end of the video to test knowledge on different types of seizures.
The video offers a comprehensive overview of seizures, their types, diagnosis, treatment, and nursing care.
Transcripts
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